ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) comes from parathyroid glands, regulating calcium, not anterior pituitary. GH (growth), FSH (reproduction), and TSH (thyroid) are anterior pituitary hormones, driving target glands. PTH's external origin distinguishes it, key to its independent role, unlike pituitary tropic hormones.
Question 2 of 5
The relatively constant internal environment of the body is maintained by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains the body's stable internal environment (e.g., temperature, glucose) via mechanisms like negative feedback, not feedback itself or metabolism (energy processes). Positive feedback amplifies changes. Homeostasis's stabilizing role distinguishes it, key to physiological balance, integrating endocrine and nervous systems.
Question 3 of 5
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, made by the hypothalamus, for labor/fluid balance. Anterior pituitary produces GH, TSH, prolactin, FSH; adrenals make glucocorticoids/androgens. Oxytocin-ADH storage distinguishes its role, key to neurohypophyseal function, contrasting with synthesis sites.
Question 4 of 5
Which among the following is known as the smallest gland in the human body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pineal gland, at 5-8 mm in the brain's epithalamus, is the smallest endocrine gland, producing melatonin for sleep regulation. The pituitary (larger, pea-sized) controls other glands, parotid (salivary) and Ebner's (tongue) are exocrine not endocrine. Pineal's diminutive size and endocrine role distinguish it, vital for circadian rhythms, contrasting with larger or ducted glands.
Question 5 of 5
a deficiency of parathyroid hormone is likely to lead to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) reduces blood calcium by decreasing bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, leading to neuromuscular hyperexcitability tetany, cramps due to low Ca²⺠destabilizing nerve membranes. PO₄ rises, not falls, as PTH normally increases its excretion. Kidney stones occur with high calcium (hyperparathyroidism), not low. It's not self-limiting chronic without treatment (e.g., calcium supplements). Hyperexcitability reflects calcium's role in nerve stability, distinguishing it as PTH's key deficit effect, critical for neuromuscular function, unlike phosphate, stones, or transient illness.