All of the following are functions of accessory structures of integument except

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Accessory structures of the integument, like hair and nails, do not provide direct protection to the skull. Skull protection primarily comes from the cranial bones and meninges. Hair and nails are involved in thermoregulation, sensation of touch, and production of skin pigments. Therefore, choice A is incorrect as the accessory structures do not directly protect the skull but serve other functions related to the integument system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: merocrine sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing perspiration, which is a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature. Merocrine glands release sweat directly onto the skin's surface without losing any cellular components, ensuring efficient cooling. A: Apocrine sweat glands produce a thicker, odorless substance in areas like the armpits and groin. B: Ceruminous glands produce earwax to protect the ear canal. C: Sebaceous glands produce sebum to moisturize the skin and hair. In summary, merocrine sweat glands are the correct choice as they specifically produce perspiration for cooling purposes, distinguishing them from the other gland types mentioned.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carotene is the correct answer because it is a pigment present in vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes that can give the skin an orange or yellow hue when consumed in large quantities. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants for photosynthesis. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells and can cause yellowing of the skin in conditions like jaundice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are immune cells found in the epidermis that play a crucial role in initiating immune responses. They capture antigens and present them to T cells, triggering an immune response. Squamous cells (A) are flat cells in the skin, Merkel cells (B) are touch receptors, and Melanocytes (D) produce melanin for skin pigmentation. They are not directly involved in the immune system function within the epidermis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: rhinophyma. Rhinophyma is characterized by a bulbous nose, hyperplasia of nasal tissues, and is commonly seen in older men with advanced rosacea. Blepharoplasty (A) is eyelid surgery. Nail body (C) refers to the visible part of the nail. Hematoma (D) is a localized collection of blood outside vessels. Rhinophyma aligns with the symptoms described in the question, making it the correct choice.