ATI RN
Endocrine System in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following are associated with hypocalcemia EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal hyperparathyroidism causes neonatal hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia; others lead to low calcium.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-year-old boy develops vomiting and abdominal pain with signs of dehydration. He has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus since the age of 4 year and he is on insulin therapy since that time. Of the following, the sign that differentiate this condition from gastroenteritis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachypnea in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) reflects compensatory hyperventilation due to acidosis, distinguishing it from gastroenteritis. Polyuria (A) and polydipsia (B) are chronic DM symptoms, while tenderness (C) and altered status (E) are nonspecific.
Question 3 of 5
Type 2 DM can be managed with lifestyle modifications, including nutrition therapy, increased exercise, and oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin); however, insulin therapy is necessary in special circumstances. Of the following, insulin treatment is required when there is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In type 2 DM, insulin is required when ketonuria indicates significant insulin deficiency or decompensation, beyond lifestyle or metformin control. Hyperglycemia (A, B) may be managed otherwise, and hyperkalemia (C) or hypophosphatemia (D) are not direct triggers.
Question 4 of 5
The staging of pubertal changes differs between both genders. The onset of puberty is marked by pubarche and gonadarche. Of the following, the first normal event of puberbertal maturation in boys is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testicular enlargement (gonadarche) is the first sign of puberty in boys, typically at 11-12 years, preceding pubic hair (B), scrotal changes (C), voice deepening (D), and axillary hair (E).
Question 5 of 5
A 16-year-old female adolescent develops swelling at the anterior aspect of the neck with difficulty of the swallowing. Examination reveals a firm, nontender diffuse goiter with a pebble-like surface. Her mother has had a thyroid disease in early adulthood. Of the following, the MOST valuable test to confirm the diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hashimoto thyroiditis, suggested by goiter and family history, is confirmed by elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Function tests (D) assess impact, while scan (A), biopsy (B), and ultrasound (C) are less specific initially.