All of the following antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis in bacterial cells, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glycopeptides. Glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, not protein synthesis. Macrolides (A), Aminoglycosides (B), and Tetracyclines (D) all inhibit protein synthesis at different stages, making them effective antibiotics against bacterial infections. Glycopeptides specifically target cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the growing peptidoglycan chain, leading to cell lysis. Therefore, Glycopeptides do not directly interfere with protein synthesis, distinguishing them from the other antibiotics listed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mebendazole or Albendazole. These drugs are commonly used for the treatment of echinococcosis due to their efficacy against tapeworm infections. Mebendazole and Albendazole work by inhibiting the parasite's ability to absorb glucose, leading to its death. Suramin (choice A) is used for African sleeping sickness, not echinococcosis. Piperazine (choice C) is used for roundworm infections, not echinococcosis. Iodoquinol (choice D) is used for amoebic infections, not echinococcosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blockade of Na+ channels in the collecting duct. Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by inhibiting the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the collecting duct of the nephron. By blocking these channels, triamterene reduces sodium reabsorption, leading to decreased potassium excretion. This mechanism helps maintain potassium levels in the body, making it an effective treatment for conditions like systolic cardiac failure where potassium loss is a concern. Summary: A: Enhancement of K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule - This is incorrect as triamterene does not act on the proximal tubule for potassium-sparing effects. C: Enhancement of K+ reabsorption in the loop of Henle - This is incorrect as triamterene does not primarily affect potassium reabsorption in the loop of Henle. D: Blockade of aldosterone receptors in the collecting duct - This is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Demeclocycline. It is the most appropriate choice for the patient's condition due to its ability to treat syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone causing water retention. Demeclocycline acts as a competitive antagonist of ADH, helping to correct the water imbalance. Desmopressin (A) is a synthetic form of ADH and would exacerbate the condition. Hydrochlorothiazide (B) and Amiloride (D) are diuretics that would further worsen the water imbalance in SIADH by increasing urine output.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.