All may cause abdominal pain in thalassemia major except:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vasculitis. Thalassemia major is a genetic blood disorder that causes anemia. Vasculitis, inflammation of blood vessels, is not a common cause of abdominal pain in thalassemia. Splenic infarction, dragging pain at huge splenomegaly, and pigment stones in the gall bladder are associated with thalassemia major due to complications such as splenomegaly and increased bilirubin levels, leading to abdominal pain. Vasculitis is not typically seen in thalassemia major patients, making it the exception among the choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Hydroxyurea Rationale: 1. Hydroxyurea is not a standard treatment for sideroblastic anemia. 2. Pyridoxine (A) is commonly used to treat pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia. 3. Desferroxamine (C) is used to remove excess iron in iron overload conditions, not specific to sideroblastic anemia. 4. Androgens (D) may be used to stimulate erythropoiesis in certain types of anemia, but not typically for sideroblastic anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: emphysema. Bone marrow transplantation does not directly complicate or affect the lungs or cause emphysema. Cataract formation (A), leucoencephalopathy (B), and cardiomyopathy (C) are potential complications due to the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy on different organs. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease primarily caused by smoking or exposure to airborne irritants, not by bone marrow transplantation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: chronic infection. In chronic infection, the body's iron stores are depleted, leading to a decrease in serum iron levels and iron binding capacity. This occurs due to inflammation-induced hepcidin release, which inhibits iron absorption and recycling. Recurrent GIT bleeding (choice A) would lead to iron loss, resulting in decreased iron but increased iron binding capacity due to compensatory mechanisms. Intestinal resection (choice B) can also cause iron deficiency anemia but would not lead to decreased iron binding capacity. Menorrhagia (choice D) would result in iron loss but again would not lead to decreased iron binding capacity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Von Willebrand disease. This is because Von Willebrand factor plays a crucial role in platelet adhesion and aggregation. A deficiency in Von Willebrand factor leads to impaired platelet function, resulting in prolonged bleeding time. The other choices, polythycemia vera (A), antiphospholipid syndrome (C), and hemophilia (D), are not typically associated with prolonged bleeding time due to different underlying mechanisms. Polythycemia vera is characterized by increased red blood cell production, antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing blood clots, and hemophilia is a genetic disorder affecting blood clotting factors.