All individual vertebrae have a body and an arch. Besides two pedicles, what is the latter composed of?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The vertebral arch, posterior to the body, consists of two pedicles (attaching to the body) and two laminae (flat plates forming the arch’s roof). Processes (e.g., spinous, transverse) project from the arch but are not its core components.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The thumb (digit 1) has two phalanges (proximal and distal), unlike the other fingers (digits 2–5), which have three (proximal, middle, distal), due to its unique structure for opposition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metatarsals are numbered 1 to 5, from the hallux (big toe) to the pinky toe, matching the five digits of the foot and their phalanges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The cranium comprises 8 bones protecting the brain, including occipital, frontal, and parietal bones. The maxilla, a facial bone (1 of 14), forms the upper jaw and face, not the cranium, distinguishing it from the cranial group.