ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
All fluid that enters or leaves the ICF must pass through the ECF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: The ICF (Intracellular Fluid) is the fluid inside the cells, and the ECF (Extracellular Fluid) is the fluid outside the cells. Step 2: Not all fluid that enters or leaves the ICF must pass through the ECF. There are mechanisms such as osmosis and active transport that allow for direct movement of fluid in and out of the cells. Step 3: Therefore, it is not true that all fluid entering or leaving the ICF must pass through the ECF, making the correct answer B: FALSE. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because it wrongly states that all fluid must pass through the ECF. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information.
Question 2 of 5
The secretion of aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a key role in regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium, leading to increased water retention and higher blood pressure. This process helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure levels within the body. Therefore, the secretion of aldosterone does promote the reabsorption of sodium. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or explanation related to the question.
Question 3 of 5
When the body becomes dehydrated (H O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and increased blood osmolarity. Step 2: Decreased blood volume triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to conserve water. Step 3: ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urinary output. Step 4: Increased blood osmolarity stimulates thirst to encourage water intake. Step 5: Therefore, both urinary output and thirst increase in response to dehydration. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it explains the physiological responses to dehydration. - Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the well-established mechanisms of the body. - Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.
Question 4 of 5
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located in close proximity to the cells in the hypothalamus that produce vasopressin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (TRUE). Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located near the cells that produce vasopressin to regulate water balance. This proximity allows for efficient communication and coordination between osmoreceptor activity and vasopressin secretion. Osmoreceptors sense changes in blood osmolality and signal the release of vasopressin to help maintain water balance in the body. The close proximity between these structures enhances the rapid response to osmotic changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between osmoreceptors and vasopressin production in the hypothalamus.
Question 5 of 5
Paraesthesia—tingling in the extremities—is a common consequence of acidosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Acidosis leads to decreased blood flow to extremities, causing nerve dysfunction. 2. Nerves can become hypersensitive, leading to tingling sensations (paraesthesia). 3. Paraesthesia is a common symptom in acidosis due to nerve irritation. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide valid reasoning for paraesthesia in acidosis.