All benzodiazepines reduce _____ and produce ______.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that primarily work by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of nerve cells, resulting in a calming effect on the central nervous system. By increasing GABA activity, benzodiazepines help reduce feelings of anxiety and produce sedation or relaxation. This is why the correct answer is that all benzodiazepines reduce anxiety and produce sedation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, so periodic eye examinations are essential. Taking medications with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Antacids should be avoided as they can interfere with drug absorption. Numbness and tingling of the hands or feet may indicate peripheral neuropathy, a side effect of isoniazid, and should be reported promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phentolamine is used during surgery for pheochromocytoma in children. Prazosin is used to treat hypertension in children. Propranolol and guanethidine are not indicated for use in children with a pheochromocytoma. The nurse should understand the indications for phentolamine to ensure safe and effective administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It does not increase insulin resistance (B), block carbohydrate absorption (C), or stimulate insulin release (D). These mechanisms help lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.