All are true for superinfections, except:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Superinfections are secondary infections that occur as a result of disrupting the normal balance of microorganisms in the body, often due to prolonged or broad-spectrum antibiotic use. They can involve the emergence of resistant strains or the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, superinfections are more likely to occur with prolonged antibiotic use or broad-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the normal flora of the body. It is less common for superinfections to occur with narrow spectrum antibiotics, as they target a more limited range of bacteria and are less likely to disrupt the overall microbial balance in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam) rapidly calm via GABA, making them highly effective for acute anxiety and insomnia, per clinical use. They carry dependence risk-not low. Insurance or cost varies, not unique. Effectiveness drives preference, despite risks, for quick relief.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Enteral formulas are categorized as elemental/semi-elemental (B), disease-specific (C), polymeric formula (D), and modular formula (E). Enteral macronutrient (A) is not a recognized category. These formulas are tailored to meet specific nutritional needs based on the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The unlabeled use for a medication refers to a use that is not approved by regulatory agencies but has shown effectiveness in clinical practice. In this case, the unlabeled use for a medication might be to treat PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). While the medication may not be specifically indicated for this condition, it may have shown benefits in managing the symptoms of PTSD based on clinical experience or research studies. It is important to note that using a medication for an unlabeled use should always be done under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection requiring antiviral therapy, and acyclovir (Zovirax) is the gold-standard treatment due to its specific action against herpesviruses. It inhibits viral DNA replication, reducing symptom duration and severity, making it the most likely choice (A). Zidovudine targets HIV, a retrovirus, not HSV, and is irrelevant here. Nystatin is an antifungal, ineffective against viruses. Metronidazole treats bacterial and protozoal infections, not viral ones. Acyclovir's specificity and efficacy for HSV, supported by clinical guidelines, make it the priority drug. The nurse must recognize this distinction to ensure appropriate therapy, as misidentification could delay recovery or worsen outcomes. Choice A stands out as the only antiviral tailored to HSV's pathophysiology, ensuring targeted treatment.