ATI RN
Pediatric Cardiovascular Nursing Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
All are true about genotype - phenotype correlation in Brugada syndrome, except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of Brugada syndrome, understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation is crucial for diagnosis and management. The correct answer, option D, states that there are no major therapeutic implications of genetic testing in Brugada syndrome. This is because the current treatment approach for Brugada syndrome focuses on managing symptoms and reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death rather than targeting specific genetic mutations. Option A states that SCN5A mutation is associated with a short PR interval, which is true. SCN5A mutations are commonly linked to Brugada syndrome and can manifest with characteristic electrocardiogram findings such as a short PR interval. Option B suggests that LTCC mutation is associated with a short QT interval, which is incorrect. LTCC mutations are not typically associated with Brugada syndrome; instead, they are more commonly linked to long QT syndrome. Option C mentions that the yield of genetic testing is low (25%). While the yield of genetic testing in Brugada syndrome may vary, it is generally higher than 25%. Genetic testing can be valuable in confirming a diagnosis, identifying at-risk family members, and guiding management strategies in some cases. Educationally, understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation in Brugada syndrome highlights the importance of personalized medicine in pediatric cardiovascular nursing. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to stay abreast of advancements in genetic testing and tailor treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a productive cough has obtained a sputum specimen for culture as instructed. What is the best initial nursing action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pediatric cardiovascular nursing and pharmacology, it is essential to prioritize evidence-based nursing actions to ensure optimal patient outcomes. In this scenario, the best initial nursing action is option B: Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum. This choice is correct because it allows the nurse to gather crucial information about the sputum, which can provide insights into the type of infection present and guide appropriate treatment. Option A, administering the first dose of antibiotic therapy, is incorrect as it is crucial to wait for the results of the sputum culture before starting specific antibiotic treatment to ensure targeted therapy. Jumping to antibiotic administration without proper assessment can lead to inappropriate treatment and potential resistance. Option C, encouraging the client to consume warm liquids, is not the priority at this stage. While hydration is important, assessing the sputum takes precedence to determine the underlying cause of the cough. Option D, sending the specimen to the lab for analysis, is a necessary step but not the initial action. First, a visual assessment of the sputum can provide immediate information that may influence the decision to send the specimen and guide the laboratory analysis effectively. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and evidence-based practice in pediatric nursing. It emphasizes the significance of data collection before initiating treatment interventions, especially in scenarios involving infectious processes where tailored therapy is crucial for positive patient outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a history of asthma and bronchitis arrives at the clinic with shortness of breath, productive cough with thickened tenacious mucous, and the inability to walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing breathlessness. Which action is most important for the nurse to instruct the client about self-care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions. In a client with asthma and bronchitis presenting with shortness of breath and thickened mucous, increasing oral fluid intake helps to thin out the mucus, making it easier to expel. This self-care measure can improve breathing and decrease the feeling of breathlessness. Option B) Avoid crowded enclosed areas to reduce pathogen exposure is incorrect as it does not directly address the client's current symptoms of shortness of breath and thickened mucous. While reducing exposure to pathogens is important for respiratory health, it is not the most immediate intervention needed in this case. Option C) Call the clinic if undesirable side effects of medications occur is also incorrect as the client's current symptoms are related to the thickened mucous and breathlessness, not necessarily medication side effects. This option does not address the client's immediate needs. Option D) Teach anxiety reduction methods for feelings of suffocation is incorrect as the client's symptoms are primarily due to the physical manifestations of asthma and bronchitis, rather than anxiety. While anxiety may exacerbate symptoms, addressing it alone will not directly improve the client's breathing difficulty and thickened mucous. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the rationale behind self-care instructions for clients with respiratory conditions. Teaching clients about the importance of increasing oral fluid intake can empower them to take an active role in managing their symptoms and improving their quality of life. By explaining the physiological reasons behind this recommendation, nurses can help clients make informed decisions about their self-care practices.
Question 4 of 5
A client with cholelithiasis has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct and is unable to eat or drink without becoming nauseated and vomiting. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Yellow sclera. Yellow sclera is indicative of jaundice, a common manifestation of common bile duct obstruction. When the common bile duct is obstructed by a gallstone, bilirubin cannot be excreted properly, leading to jaundice. This finding is significant as it suggests a worsening condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent further complications. Belching (option A) and flatulence (option D) are common gastrointestinal symptoms that may occur due to various reasons, including dietary factors or digestive issues. These symptoms, while uncomfortable, are not specific indicators of a common bile duct obstruction in this context. Amber urine (option B) can be a normal finding and may indicate dehydration rather than a direct consequence of the common bile duct obstruction. It is not a primary concern in this situation where the focus should be on identifying signs of worsening obstruction. In an educational context, understanding the clinical manifestations of common bile duct obstruction in patients with cholelithiasis is crucial for nurses caring for such patients. Recognizing these signs early can help in timely intervention and prevention of complications. Nurses must be able to prioritize and report significant findings to healthcare providers promptly to ensure appropriate management and patient safety.
Question 5 of 5
A female client enters the clinic and insists on being seen. She is weak, nervous, and reports a racing heart beat and recent weight loss of 15 pounds. After ruling out substance withdrawal, the healthcare provider suspects hyperthyroidism and admits her for further testing. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Space the client's care to provide periods of rest. This is the most appropriate action because the client is exhibiting symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which can lead to increased metabolic rate, causing symptoms like tachycardia, weight loss, and nervousness. By spacing the client's care to provide periods of rest, the nurse can help manage the client's energy levels and prevent exacerbation of symptoms. Option A) Begin preparing client for thyroidectomy procedure is incorrect because before proceeding with a surgical intervention like thyroidectomy, it is crucial to confirm the diagnosis through further testing. Rushing into a surgical procedure without a confirmed diagnosis could be detrimental to the client. Option C) Assess the client for hyperactive bowel sounds is incorrect because although hyperthyroidism can lead to increased bowel movements, the priority in this case is to address the client's overall symptoms and provide supportive care. Option D) Provide warm blankets to prevent heat loss is incorrect because hyperthyroidism typically presents with symptoms of heat intolerance rather than heat loss. Providing warm blankets could worsen the client's discomfort and symptoms. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing care based on the client's presenting symptoms and potential underlying conditions. It emphasizes the need for thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and appropriate interventions in the management of hyperthyroidism in pediatric patients.