All are true about Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (IBD) EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is B) Crohn disease carries a higher risk of malignancy than does ulcerative colitis. This is because Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to ulcerative colitis. This is due to the fact that Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a higher likelihood of complications such as strictures and fistulas, which can increase the risk of malignancy. Option A is incorrect because there is indeed a genetic component to IBD, and having a family member with IBD increases the risk of developing the disease. Option C is incorrect as both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are types of IBD that can run in families, so it is possible for both diseases to be present in the same family. Option D is incorrect as there is no known association between IBD and glycogen storage disease type 1b. It is important for nurses caring for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal conditions to understand the differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as this knowledge guides appropriate nursing interventions and helps in providing comprehensive care to these patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a 12-year-old presenting with facial swelling without tenderness or erythema in the maxillary area, the most common cause is an abscessed tooth (Option B). This is due to the proximity of dental structures to the facial soft tissues. Dental abscesses can cause localized swelling as a result of infection spreading into the surrounding tissues. Option A, localized trauma, would typically present with a history of injury and visible signs of trauma. Option C, a bee sting, would likely have associated pain, redness, and a history of exposure to a bee. Option D, Haemophilus influenzae type b, is more commonly associated with systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise rather than isolated facial swelling. In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding common causes of facial swelling in children is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. Knowing the distinguishing features of various etiologies helps in appropriate triaging, management, and referral to the appropriate healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment. Identifying dental issues promptly can prevent complications and alleviate the child's discomfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding anorectal defects is crucial for providing appropriate care. The correct answer, option D) imperforate anus without a fistula, is the most frequently encountered anorectal defect in male patients. This condition involves the rectum ending in a blind pouch without a connection to the anus. Option A) perineal fistula is a less common defect where the rectum opens to the skin near the anus. Option B) rectourethral fistula involves an abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra, more commonly seen in male patients with a different presentation. Option C) rectum-bladder neck fistula is also less common and involves a connection between the rectum and the bladder neck. Educationally, understanding these anorectal defects is vital for pediatric nurses to recognize symptoms, provide appropriate interventions, and educate families. Knowing the most frequent presentations in male patients helps in early identification and prompt management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding the potential causes of constipation is crucial for providing effective care to children. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) ibuprofen. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is not typically associated with causing constipation in children. Hypothyroidism (option A), hypokalemia (option B), and lead poisoning (option C) are well-known causes of constipation in children. Hypothyroidism can lead to a decreased metabolic rate, impacting bowel movements. Hypokalemia, a low level of potassium in the blood, can affect muscle function, including the muscles responsible for bowel movements. Lead poisoning can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation, due to its toxic effects on the body. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the various causes of constipation in children to provide timely and appropriate interventions. By understanding the differences in how each condition affects the gastrointestinal system, nurses can better assess, plan, and implement care for pediatric patients experiencing constipation. This knowledge ensures comprehensive and individualized care for children with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and its associated conditions is crucial. In this context, the correct answer is D) pylorospasm. Rationale: A) Sandifer syndrome: This condition is associated with GER where children exhibit abnormal posturing to relieve discomfort. It is a recognized manifestation of GER, making it a relevant association. B) Esophagitis: GER can lead to esophagitis due to the repeated exposure of stomach acid to the esophageal lining, causing inflammation. Esophagitis is a common complication of GER. C) Aspiration pneumonia: GER can result in the aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia. This is a severe complication associated with GER. D) Pylorospasm: Pylorospasm is not directly associated with GER. Pylorospasm involves the spasm of the pylorus, the muscular valve at the lower end of the stomach, which can cause issues with gastric emptying but is not typically linked to GER. Educational Context: Understanding these associations is vital for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care for children with GER. Recognizing symptoms and complications allows for timely interventions and prevention of further health issues. By differentiating between conditions like pylorospasm, nurses can tailor interventions to address specific concerns related to GER in pediatric patients.