Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a fermentative gram-negative rod, which means it can ferment sugars. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are non-fermentative gram-negative rods. These organisms do not ferment sugars for energy production. Therefore, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the only fermentative organism among the choices, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (25°C) because dimorphic fungi typically grow as molds at lower temperatures. At 25°C, the fungus is likely in its mold phase, which is the preferred temperature range for mold growth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because 15°C and 20°C are too low for optimal mold growth, and 37°C is too high as it typically favors the yeast phase of dimorphic fungi. Therefore, the preferred temperature for mold growth of a dimorphic fungus is 25°C.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A: 1. Viruses contain genetic material in the form of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). 2. Proteins are essential for the structure and function of viral particles. 3. Nucleic acids (genetic material) and proteins are the two main components of viruses. 4. Therefore, choice A (nucleic acid and proteins) is correct. Summary: - Choice B (nucleic acids and lipids) is incorrect as lipids are not a main structural component of viruses. - Choice C (lipids and proteins) is incorrect as nucleic acids are essential components of viruses. - Choice D (proteins and glycoproteins) is incorrect as glycoproteins are a type of protein and not a separate component in viruses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aminoglycosides primarily inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria. This action leads to misreading of mRNA and ultimately disrupts the translation process, resulting in faulty protein production and bacterial cell death. Incorrect choices: B: Aminoglycosides do not inhibit DNA replication. C: Aminoglycosides do not disrupt cell membrane integrity. D: Aminoglycosides do not inhibit folic acid synthesis. In summary, the correct choice (A) aligns with the known mechanism of action of aminoglycosides, making it the most appropriate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: genotype. The genotype refers to the actual genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes and alleles present in its DNA. This determines the traits and characteristics of an organism. Phenotype (A) is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. Conjugation (C) is a process in bacteria involving the transfer of genetic material. Construct (D) is not a term related to genetics. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it specifically refers to the genetic composition of an organism.