All are lines of treatment for hyperkalemia Except:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the management of hyperkalemia is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Beta blockers. Beta blockers are not a primary treatment for hyperkalemia. Instead, they are contraindicated in the management of hyperkalemia as they can further increase potassium levels by inhibiting beta-2 receptors, which play a role in potassium uptake by cells. Therefore, giving beta blockers to a patient with hyperkalemia can exacerbate the condition. A) Calcium gluconate IV is a correct treatment for hyperkalemia as it stabilizes the cardiac membrane potential in the setting of elevated potassium levels. C) Sodium bicarbonate can help shift potassium into cells temporarily, thereby reducing serum potassium levels. D) Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is a cation exchange resin that binds potassium in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitates its excretion. Educationally, understanding the appropriate treatments for hyperkalemia is essential for nurses working with pediatric patients, as untreated hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Nurses need to be familiar with the actions of different medications used in hyperkalemia treatment to provide prompt and effective care to pediatric patients in critical situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma, bone marrow infiltration is not a typical criterion. This is because pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma primarily involves the lymphatic system and typically presents with enlarged, rubbery, and discrete lymph nodes. Option A is incorrect as Hodgkin's lymphoma typically arises in cervical lymph nodes in most cases. Option B is incorrect as affected lymph nodes are described as rubbery and discrete, not typically firm or matted together. Option D is incorrect as pruritis (itching) is indeed one of the B symptoms associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Educational Context: Understanding the criteria for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the key features of this condition can aid in early detection, prompt treatment, and improved outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring for signs and symptoms, educating families about the disease, and supporting children and their caregivers throughout the treatment process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Normocytic normochromic anemia refers to a type of anemia where the red blood cells are normal in size and color. In this case, the correct answer is A) Aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells, leading to low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This results in normocytic normochromic anemia due to the decreased production of red blood cells with normal size and hemoglobin content. Option B) a-Thalassemia is incorrect because it typically presents as microcytic hypochromic anemia, with small and pale red blood cells. Option C) Folic acid deficiency anemia is also incorrect as it results in macrocytic anemia, with large red blood cells. Option D) Iron deficiency anemia leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia, characterized by small and pale red blood cells. In an educational context, understanding the different types of anemia is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the characteristics of normocytic normochromic anemia, such as in aplastic anemia, helps in providing appropriate care and interventions to manage the condition effectively. Nurses must be able to differentiate between the various types of anemia based on their etiology and characteristics to ensure accurate assessment and treatment for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) normal development. At 3 months of age, infants typically demonstrate a palmar grasp reflex, where they will grasp an object placed in their hand but may not voluntarily grasp objects. This behavior is considered within the normal developmental range for this age. It is important for nurses to understand typical developmental milestones to differentiate between normal variations and potential concerns. Option B) significant developmental lag is incorrect because the infant's behavior is not indicative of a significant delay given the age and expected developmental abilities at 3 months. Option C) slightly delayed development due to prematurity is incorrect because being born at 38 weeks of gestation is considered near-term and would not typically result in significant delays in motor development by 3 months of age. Option D) suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy is incorrect as the behavior described is not specific to neurologic disorders at this age and stage of development. Educationally, understanding normal developmental milestones is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing typical behaviors helps identify deviations from the norm and allows for early intervention if necessary. This knowledge empowers nurses to provide appropriate support and guidance to families regarding their child's development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the developmental needs of infants is crucial for providing effective care. In this scenario, the best play activity for a 6-month-old infant to provide tactile stimulation is allowing them to splash in a bath (Option A). The rationale behind this choice is that infants at this age are beginning to explore their environment through their senses, especially touch. Bath time not only provides a safe and supervised opportunity for tactile stimulation but also offers a multisensory experience through the sounds of water, warmth, and visual interest. Option B, giving various colored blocks, while beneficial for visual stimulation and hand-eye coordination, does not specifically target tactile stimulation, which is the primary focus here. Option C, playing music, is more auditory and not primarily focused on tactile input, which is essential for sensory development in infants. Option D, using an infant swing or stroller, provides movement and vestibular stimulation but lacks the direct tactile engagement that splashing in a bath offers. In an educational context, understanding the importance of age-appropriate activities that target specific developmental domains, such as tactile stimulation in this case, is essential for promoting optimal growth and sensory integration in infants. By engaging infants in appropriate activities, nurses and caregivers can support their overall development and well-being.