ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Ali's mother worried about her 23-month-old baby who has chronic renal failure, his sister developed measles 2 days ago. Of the following, the MOST appropriate action is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With chronic renal failure and recent measles exposure (2 days), the child’s risk is low if vaccinated; reassurance (B) is appropriate unless unvaccinated, where immunoglobulin (D) within 6 days might apply. Vaccine (C) is too late post-exposure.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year-old child presented with history of fever, headache, lethargy, abnormal behavior, and seizures; CSF examination reveal (leukocytes 350/μL with mononuclear cells predominate), protein (70 mg/dL), and glucose (69 mg/dL); serum glucose (98 mg/dL); brain imaging show temporal lobe abnormalities. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HSV (E) encephalitis presents with fever, seizures, and temporal lobe changes on imaging, with mononuclear CSF, per pediatric neurology.
Question 3 of 5
A 16-year-old adolescent presented with history of acute pharyngitis; followed by thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and septic pulmonary embolism. Throat culture reveals Fusobacterium necrophorum. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lemierre syndrome (E) is pharyngitis with Fusobacterium necrophorum leading to jugular vein thrombosis and septic emboli, per infectious disease classics.
Question 4 of 5
A 16-month-old child presented with fever, poor feeding, and ear discomfort which interfere with normal sleep but you are an uncertain about the diagnosis of acute otitis media. Of the following, the first-line therapy of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uncertain AOM diagnosis in a 16-month-old warrants observation (A) for 48-72 hours if non-severe, per AAP guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
A 3-year-old child presented with increased nasal secretions and low-grade fever for 1 week followed by paroxysmal coughing with post tussive emesis, the child was vaccinated with 1st 2 doses at one week and two month. Of the following, the MOST helpful diagnostic test for this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCR (D) is the most sensitive and rapid test for pertussis, especially in partially vaccinated children, per CDC.