Aldo with a massive pulmonary embolism will have an arterial blood gas analysis performed to determine the extent of hypoxia. The acid-base disorder that may be present is?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory alkalosis. In massive pulmonary embolism, there is decreased oxygen exchange in the lungs leading to hypoxia. This causes hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis (A) and alkalosis (B) are not directly related to pulmonary embolism. Respiratory acidosis (C) would result from hypoventilation, which is not typically seen in pulmonary embolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The term "pink puffer" refers to a female client with emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by hyperinflation of the lungs leading to a pink or flushed complexion due to increased breathing efforts. This presentation contrasts with the "blue bloater" appearance seen in chronic obstructive bronchitis, which is characterized by cyanosis and edema. ARDS is a different condition marked by severe respiratory distress and not associated with the "pink puffer" presentation. Asthma typically presents with wheezing and bronchoconstriction, not the specific characteristics of a "pink puffer."

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct first step is D: Apply gloves and assess the groin site. By applying gloves, the nurse ensures infection control. Assessing the groin site helps identify any potential bleeding or complications post-catheterization, guiding further interventions. Calling for help (A) may be necessary but assessing the site is immediate. Obtaining vital signs (B) is important but not as critical as assessing the site. Asking the client to "lift up" (C) is not appropriate before assessing the site for potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health issue before it happens. Teaching stress management techniques (Choice C) falls under this category by addressing stress before it leads to health problems. This approach targets the root cause and promotes overall well-being. Choice A (Helping the client resume self-care) focuses on rehabilitation and is considered secondary prevention. Choice B (Ensuring the safety of a suicidal client) relates to crisis intervention, which is tertiary prevention. Choice D (Case finding and surveillance) is more aligned with early detection and is also secondary prevention. In summary, teaching stress management techniques is the best example of primary prevention as it addresses the issue proactively before it escalates.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because somatoform disorders involve expressing psychological conflicts through physical symptoms. This is supported by research showing that these disorders are often linked to unresolved emotional issues manifesting as physical complaints. Choice A is incorrect because somatoform disorders are not explained by organic causes but rather by psychological factors. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests a conscious decision to express conflicts, whereas somatoform disorders are typically unconscious. Choice D is incorrect because management of somatoform disorders typically involves psychological interventions rather than specific medical treatments.