ATI RN
Endocrine System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Alcohol suppresses the secretion of and thus the reabsorption of water from the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohol suppresses ADH secretion, reducing kidney water reabsorption diuresis ensues, dehydrating. ADH increase would retain water, opposite effect. Aldosterone reabsorbs sodium, not directly water alcohol's ADH link is primary. ADH suppression with decreased reabsorption distinguishes it, key to alcohol's diuretic effect, unlike increased or aldosterone-based options.
Question 2 of 5
An exophthalmic goiter is a symptom of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) causes exophthalmic goiter eye protrusion from excess T3/T4 stimulating orbital tissues. Hashimoto's (hypothyroidism) lacks this goiter possible but not exophthalmic. Myxedema is hypo-symptom, no bulging. Acromegaly affects bones, not eyes. Graves' hyperactive eye effect distinguishes it, key to its presentation, unlike hypo or unrelated conditions.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true of cortisol?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cortisol isn't a mineralocorticoid it's a glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex), managing stress, glucose via gluconeogenesis (protein breakdown), and fat metabolism (sparing glucose), plus anti-inflammatory effects. Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) regulate electrolytes cortisol has minor overlap. Non-mineralocorticoid status distinguishes it, key to its metabolic role, unlike inflammation, protein, or fat truths.
Question 4 of 5
When blood glucose levels are low, the will increase the secretion of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low blood glucose triggers pancreas to secrete glucagon, raising levels via liver glycogenolysis counterregulatory. Adrenal cortex aldosterone manages sodium, not glucose. Pancreatic insulin lowers glucose, opposite need. ADH (posterior pituitary) retains water, unrelated. Glucagon's pancreatic response distinguishes it, critical for hypoglycemia correction, unlike sodium, lowering, or water options.
Question 5 of 5
Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tumor angiogenesis factor (e.g., VEGF) from cancer cells promotes capillary growth, feeding tumors angiogenesis driver. Macrophage factor (M-CSF) boosts immunity, not vessels. Platelet-derived (PDGF) aids repair, less tumor-specific. Epidermal (EGF) drives cell growth, not angiogenesis. Angiogenesis factor distinguishes it, critical for tumor survival, unlike immune, repair, or growth factors.