Alcohol acts primarily as a CNS depressant. It produces all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, it is crucial to understand the effects of alcohol on the central nervous system (CNS) to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Alcohol is a CNS depressant, meaning it slows down brain activity. This is why the correct answer, D) hyperthermia, is the exception among the options provided. Alcohol consumption can lead to impaired judgment, decreased inhibitions, and relaxation, which can result in euphoria (option A). It can also affect cognitive functions, including short-term memory, leading to impaired short-term memory (option B). Furthermore, alcohol can interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature, potentially causing hypothermia rather than hyperthermia (option D). Educationally, understanding the effects of alcohol on the CNS in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses to recognize signs of alcohol intoxication or overdose. By knowing that alcohol primarily acts as a CNS depressant and its effects on various bodily functions, nurses can provide appropriate care, monitor for complications, and educate patients and families on the risks associated with alcohol consumption.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) fraction of inspired O2 0.55. In a preterm baby recovering from RDS on mechanical ventilation, a decreasing need for supplemental oxygen indicates improved lung function and gas exchange. A fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.55 is relatively low and suggests that the baby's lungs are able to adequately oxygenate the blood on their own. This is a key indicator that the baby may be ready for extubation. Option A) frequency of respiration 35 is not the most valuable indicator for extubation readiness. While respiratory rate is important, it alone does not provide enough information about the baby's respiratory status and ability to maintain adequate oxygenation. Option C) peak expiratory end pressure 6 and D) inspiratory pressure 8 are related to ventilator settings but do not directly indicate the baby's readiness for extubation. These parameters are more about the support provided by the ventilator rather than the baby's ability to breathe independently. In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the significance of various ventilator parameters and blood gas values is crucial for making decisions about respiratory care for preterm infants. Monitoring trends in these parameters helps nurses and healthcare providers assess the baby's progress and determine the appropriate time for interventions like weaning off mechanical ventilation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding neonatal jaundice and its potential complications is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. The correct answer, option D - cardiomyopathy, is not a potential complication of neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice is primarily due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which can lead to conditions such as kernicterus, deafness, and cerebral palsy, but not cardiomyopathy. Kernicterus is a severe neurological complication of untreated jaundice, causing brain damage. Deafness can result from bilirubin toxicity affecting the auditory nerve. Cerebral palsy may occur due to kernicterus-induced brain injury. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing potential complications of neonatal jaundice to facilitate early intervention and prevent long-term consequences. Nurses caring for newborns must be vigilant in assessing jaundice levels and monitoring for signs of complications to ensure optimal outcomes for infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides incorrect information about the postoperative care required for a 3-month-old, former 29-week-premature infant undergoing surgery for bilateral inguinal hernias. Infants with a history of prematurity and apnea are at increased risk for postoperative apnea, regardless of the type of anesthesia used. Therefore, close monitoring for apnea is necessary after surgery. Sending the infant home on the same day without monitoring can be dangerous. Option A is incorrect because anemia can indeed increase the risk of postoperative apnea due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Option B is correct as it highlights the need for overnight inpatient apnea monitoring, given the infant's history. Option C is also true, emphasizing the risks associated with delaying surgery in this case. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the unique needs and risks associated with premature infants, especially when considering surgical interventions. This case underscores the importance of tailored, evidence-based care to ensure the best outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) panniculitis. In this scenario, the child presents with nodules over the cheeks following outdoor activity in cold weather. Panniculitis is characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat tissue, often triggered by exposure to cold (cold panniculitis). The nodules are typically blue-red and non-tender, consistent with the presentation described. Facial cellulitis (B) is unlikely as it presents with warmth, erythema, tenderness, and swelling. Thrombocytopenic purpura (C) typically presents with petechiae and bruising, not nodules. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (D) presents with palpable purpura on the buttocks and lower extremities, joint pain, abdominal pain, and renal involvement, which are not seen in this case. Educationally, understanding the clinical presentation and distinguishing features of different pediatric dermatological conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management in pediatric nursing practice. Recognizing the specific characteristics of panniculitis in this case emphasizes the importance of thorough assessment and knowledge of pediatric skin conditions.