Alcohol:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alcohol increases body heat loss. When alcohol is consumed, it causes blood vessels near the skin to dilate, resulting in increased blood flow to the skin's surface. This leads to heat being lost from the body, causing a drop in core body temperature. Choices A and B are incorrect because alcohol actually decreases body temperature by increasing heat loss. Choice D is also incorrect because alcohol does affect body temperature by promoting heat loss.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant with strong antimuscarinic effects due to its chemical structure. The tertiary amine group increases antimuscarinic activity. Desipramine (A) is also a tricyclic antidepressant but has lower antimuscarinic effects. Trazodone (C) and Mirtazapine (D) are not tricyclic antidepressants, hence have minimal antimuscarinic effects compared to Amitriptyline.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because benzodiazepines have a high therapeutic index, allowing for a wide margin of safety in dosing. Flumazenil can be used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. Physiologic dependence can develop with long-term benzodiazepine use, indicating a potential for addiction. Therefore, all of the above factors play a role in the choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety. Choices A, B, and C individually do not encompass all the important considerations for prescribing benzodiazepines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the early stage of cannabis intoxication typically includes euphoria, uncontrolled laughter, alteration of time sense, depersonalization, and sharpened vision. Euphoria and uncontrolled laughter are common effects of cannabis, while alteration of time sense and depersonalization are also frequently reported. Sharpened vision may occur due to the impact of cannabis on sensory perception. Therefore, all of the above symptoms are characteristic of the early stage of cannabis intoxication. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass the full range of symptoms commonly associated with cannabis intoxication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased myocardial demands for oxygen. Theophylline is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways. This relaxation can lead to increased heart rate and contractility, causing the heart to work harder and increasing its demand for oxygen. Bradycardia (choice A) is not a common side effect of Theophylline. Depression of the respiratory center (choice C) is also not a typical side effect, as Theophylline is a respiratory stimulant. Elevation of arterial blood pressure (choice D) is not directly caused by Theophylline but can occur as a secondary effect due to increased heart rate and contractility.