ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Albuterol works by activating which of the following receptors?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta-adrenergic receptors. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that works by binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation. This mechanism helps in treating conditions like asthma and COPD. Choice A (Alpha-adrenergic receptors) is incorrect because albuterol specifically targets beta-adrenergic receptors, not alpha-adrenergic receptors. Choice C (Cholinergic receptors) is incorrect because albuterol does not directly interact with cholinergic receptors. Choice D (Dopaminergic receptors) is incorrect as albuterol does not have a significant affinity for dopaminergic receptors. In conclusion, the correct answer is B because albuterol's mechanism of action involves activating beta-adrenergic receptors to produce bronchodilation.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone. Spironolactone works by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B: 1. Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. 2. It blocks aldosterone receptors in the kidneys. 3. Aldosterone is a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. 4. By blocking aldosterone receptors, spironolactone reduces sodium and water retention, helping to decrease blood volume and pressure in heart failure patients. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics, not spironolactone. C: Spironolactone actually increases potassium retention, not excretion. D: Increasing cardiac contractility is the mechanism of action of positive inotropic agents, not spironolactone.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and works by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amlodipine. It is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension by inhibiting calcium influx into heart and blood vessel cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Lisinopril (A) is an ACE inhibitor, Losartan (C) is an ARB, and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) is a thiazide diuretic, all of which work through different mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
Question 4 of 5
Drugs with low efficacy bind to receptors but do not fully activate them. Such 'partial agonists' can act as either a weak agonist (in the absence of a full agonist), or as a competitive antagonist (if a full agonist is present). Which curve best reflects the effect produced by this type of agonist when it is administered alone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a partial agonist binds to receptors but only partially activates them, resulting in a submaximal response. Curve B depicts a submaximal response that is lower than the maximal response achieved with a full agonist but higher than the response with no agonist. Curve A represents a full agonist with a maximal response, not a partial agonist. Curve C shows no response, which does not align with the partial agonist's characteristic of producing a submaximal response. Curve D depicts an inverse agonist that decreases the basal activity of receptors, not the partial agonist's partial activation. Therefore, the best representation of a partial agonist's effect when administered alone is Curve B.
Question 5 of 5
This drug can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ergonovine. Ergonovine is a drug that can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors. Serotonergic receptors are important in regulating mood and behavior, while α-adrenergic receptors are involved in various physiological processes. Cyproheptadine (A) is a serotonin antagonist, Loratadine (C) is an antihistamine, and Promethazine (D) is a histamine antagonist and dopamine antagonist. Therefore, they do not act as agonists at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.