Albuterol can be given in all but which of these forms:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Albuterol can be given in various forms, including extended-release tablets for oral use, inhalation solutions for nebulization, and oral syrups. However, albuterol is not typically administered intravenously because it can cause severe cardiovascular side effects, such as tachycardia and arrhythmias, when given directly into the bloodstream. For this reason, intravenous administration of albuterol is contraindicated in most cases and is not a common route of administration for this medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ondansetron is typically administered orally, commonly in the form of tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, or liquid solution. The medication is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally, making it an effective route of administration for managing nausea and vomiting. SubQ (subcutaneous), sublingual, and buccal routes are not typical routes of administration for ondansetron.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anxiolytic agents are drugs that help relieve anxiety. Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs commonly used as anxiolytics due to their ability to enhance the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. By increasing the inhibitory actions of GABA, benzodiazepines can produce calming and sedative effects, making them effective in treating anxiety disorders. Morphine, promethazine, atropine sulfate, and hyoscine are not typically used as anxiolytic agents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Saliva is not a common route for drug excretion. Drugs are primarily excreted from the body through various routes such as the kidneys (urine), lungs (exhaled air), gastrointestinal tract (feces), and tears (through the eyes). Saliva does not play a major role in drug excretion, as most drugs are not significantly eliminated through saliva.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lincosamides, such as clindamycin, are associated with a high risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), a potentially life-threatening condition. CDAD occurs due to the disruption of normal gut flora, allowing C. difficile to overgrow and produce toxins. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. While lincosamides can rarely cause hepatotoxicity or ototoxicity, CDAD is the most common and serious adverse effect. Seizures are not typically associated with lincosamides. Early identification and treatment of CDAD are crucial to prevent complications like toxic megacolon or sepsis.