ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Aisa is to have blood transfusion. Which of the following problems is most likely associated with blood transfusion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemolytic reaction is the most likely problem associated with blood transfusion. A hemolytic reaction occurs when the body's immune system attacks the transfused blood, leading to the destruction of red blood cells. This reaction can cause serious complications, including kidney damage, shock, and even death. It is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully match blood types and perform compatibility testing before administering a blood transfusion to minimize the risk of a hemolytic reaction. Serum hepatitis, pulmonary edema, and allergic responses are potential complications of blood transfusions, but hemolytic reactions pose the most immediate and severe threat to the patient's health.
Question 2 of 5
Patients are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) following splenectomy. Which of the ff. symptoms alerts the nurse to this possibility?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients who have undergone splenectomy are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) due to the absence of a functioning spleen, which is important in fighting certain types of infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Symptoms of OPSI can include fever, chills, weakness, and rapid breathing. Fever is a significant sign that alerts the nurse to the possibility of OPSI in a post-splenectomy patient, as it may indicate an infection that the body is struggling to fight without the spleen's immune support. This is a crucial symptom to monitor and act upon promptly to prevent serious complications in these individuals.
Question 3 of 5
gauge needle for drawing up medication and injecting it
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using a 1 inch needle is the appropriate gauge needle for drawing up medication and injecting it. The length of the needle is important to ensure that the medication reaches the intended target area and is administered effectively. Shorter needles may not penetrate deep enough, while longer needles may increase the risk of complications such as injecting the medication into the wrong tissue or causing discomfort to the patient. Therefore, using a 1 inch needle is the correct choice for administering medication safely and accurately.
Question 4 of 5
A client has squamous cell cancer of the right lung that has metastasized to the brain. In addition to chemotherapy for lung cancer, the physician prescribes lomustine (CeeNU), 100 mg/m2 as a single dose, to treat the brain metastasis. What are the major administration and excretion routes of lomustine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lomustine (CeeNU) is typically administered intravenously (I.V.), making choice B the correct administration route. Lomustine is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys via urine, which accounts for its urinary excretion. Therefore, the major administration route for lomustine is intravenous (I.V.) and the major excretion route is urinary.
Question 5 of 5
On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of stage IV ovarian cancer, initial treatment typically involves major surgery, known as cytoreductive surgery or debulking surgery. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor burden as possible from the abdomen and pelvis. By reducing the size of the tumor, the effectiveness of subsequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be enhanced. Surgery may also involve the removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to further target any remaining cancer cells. However, major surgery is often the first step in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.