ATI RN
NCLEX Pediatric Respiratory Nursing Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Airborne isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Chickenpox. Airborne isolation is required for a child hospitalized with chickenpox due to its highly contagious nature. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Isolating the child helps prevent the spread of the virus to other patients, visitors, and healthcare workers. Regarding the other options: A) Exanthema subitum (roseola): Roseola is transmitted through respiratory secretions but does not require airborne isolation. Contact precautions are usually sufficient. B) Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease): Fifth disease is spread through respiratory secretions and blood but does not require airborne precautions unless there are complications. C) Mumps: Mumps is also transmitted through respiratory droplets but typically requires droplet precautions, not airborne isolation. Educational context: Understanding the specific isolation requirements for different infectious diseases is crucial for pediatric nurses to prevent the spread of infections within healthcare settings. Proper isolation precautions help protect vulnerable patients, staff, and visitors from contracting potentially serious illnesses. Nurses must be knowledgeable about when to implement airborne, droplet, contact, or standard precautions to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.
Question 2 of 5
Which assessment findings are consistent with Down Syndrome?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of Down Syndrome, the presence of a transverse palmar crease is a common physical characteristic. This crease runs horizontally across the palm, which is often referred to as a "simian crease." This finding is associated with Down Syndrome due to the genetic abnormalities present in individuals with this condition. Option B, a high arched narrow palate, is not a typical assessment finding associated with Down Syndrome. While individuals with Down Syndrome may have certain oral abnormalities, such as a protruding tongue or small mouth, a high arched narrow palate is not a specific characteristic of this condition. Option C, hypertonic muscle tone, is also not a typical assessment finding in Down Syndrome. Individuals with Down Syndrome often exhibit hypotonia, or decreased muscle tone, which can affect their overall motor development and coordination. Option D, long slender fingers, is not a specific physical characteristic commonly seen in individuals with Down Syndrome. In fact, individuals with Down Syndrome often have shorter, broader fingers and a single crease across the palm. Educationally, understanding the physical characteristics associated with Down Syndrome is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses working in pediatric settings. Recognizing these key features can aid in early identification, appropriate interventions, and providing holistic care for individuals with Down Syndrome. It is essential to differentiate between typical and atypical findings to provide optimal care and support for these individuals.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-month-old infant presents to the clinic for routine immunizations. Prior to this visit, the infant has remained up-to-date with immunizations. The nurse anticipates the infant will need which of the following immunizations recommended at 6 months? Select one that doesn't apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) because the MMR vaccine is typically administered around 12-15 months of age, not at 6 months. The MMR vaccine provides protection against these viral infections. Option A) Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months, so it would be appropriate at 6 months. Option B) DTaP vaccine is also given at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months, making it appropriate for this age group. Option D) Hib vaccine is typically given at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months, so it would be indicated at 6 months as well. Educationally, it's crucial for nurses to understand the recommended immunization schedule for pediatric patients to ensure they receive the appropriate vaccines at the right time. This knowledge helps prevent missed opportunities for immunization and ensures optimal protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. Furthermore, understanding the rationale behind each vaccine's timing and purpose enhances the nurse's ability to educate parents and caregivers effectively.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child with a respiratory illness. The child is experiencing nasal flaring and retractions of the ribs. The nurse should recognize that these are signs of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Respiratory distress. Nasal flaring and retractions of the ribs are indicative of increased work of breathing and are classic signs of respiratory distress in a child. Nasal flaring occurs when a child is trying to take in more air to compensate for inadequate oxygenation, while retractions of the ribs indicate the child is using accessory muscles to breathe, further signifying respiratory distress. Option B) Acute asthma attack could be considered, but nasal flaring and retractions of the ribs are more commonly associated with a general respiratory distress rather than specifically with asthma. Option C) Common cold typically presents with symptoms like runny nose, congestion, and mild cough rather than the severe signs seen in this scenario. Option D) COPD is a chronic condition seen more commonly in adults due to smoking or environmental factors, and it is less likely to be the cause of acute respiratory distress in a child. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to be able to recognize signs of respiratory distress in pediatric patients as prompt intervention is essential to prevent further deterioration. Understanding these signs and symptoms can help nurses provide timely and appropriate care to children with respiratory illnesses, ultimately improving outcomes and patient safety.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child with leukemia. The nurse recognizes that the child is at increased risk for
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric oncology, children with leukemia are at increased risk for infections due to compromised immune function from the disease itself and the treatment modalities such as chemotherapy. The correct answer is B) Infection. Leukemia affects the production of normal white blood cells, which are crucial for fighting infections. Children undergoing treatment for leukemia often experience neutropenia, a condition characterized by low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell responsible for fighting bacterial and fungal infections. Option A) Hypoglycemia is not directly related to leukemia. While some chemotherapy drugs may cause alterations in blood sugar levels, it is not a primary concern for children with leukemia. Option C) Dehydration is not a common risk specifically associated with leukemia. Although some chemotherapy medications can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, leading to dehydration, it is not a direct consequence of leukemia itself. Option D) Cardiac arrhythmias are not a typical risk for children with leukemia. While certain chemotherapy drugs may have cardiotoxic effects, cardiac arrhythmias are not a primary concern in the immediate care of a child with leukemia. Understanding the increased susceptibility to infections in children with leukemia is crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Nurses need to monitor for signs of infection, practice strict infection control measures, and educate patients and families on the importance of preventing infections through good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to sick individuals. This knowledge is vital for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients with leukemia.