Aims of exchange transfusion procedure includes:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because exchange transfusion aims to control hemolysis by removing the damaged red blood cells and replacing them with healthy ones, thus restoring hemoglobin levels. This procedure does not cure haemolysis or hypoxia entirely, nor does it stabilize the immune system or liver functions. It specifically targets controlling hemolysis and restoring hemoglobin levels to improve the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is C: Hyperthermia neonatorum. Greatly reduced eliminations and a red rosy appearance of the face are indicative of hyperthermia, which is an elevated body temperature. This condition can lead to dehydration and other complications. A: Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature, not elevated. B: Hypoglycemia neonatorum refers to low blood sugar levels, not related to the symptoms mentioned. D: Hypocalcemia neonatorum is a deficiency of calcium in the blood, not associated with the given features. In summary, hyperthermia neonatorum is the correct answer due to the specific symptoms presented, while the other choices do not align with the described features.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Within the first week of birth. Classical vitamin K deficiency bleeding typically occurs within the first week of birth due to low levels of vitamin K in newborns. During this time, infants are at a higher risk of bleeding complications if not supplemented with vitamin K. Choice A is incorrect because bleeding usually occurs after the first 24 hours. Choice C is incorrect as it does not specify a specific time frame within the neonatal stage. Choice D is incorrect as classical vitamin K deficiency bleeding is typically seen within the first week, not necessarily during the entire infancy stage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Multiple gestation. Preterm birth is more common in multiple gestation pregnancies due to the increased strain on the mother's uterus and cervix. This can lead to early labor and delivery. Social habits (choice A) and genetic factors (choice B) may play a role in preterm birth but are not highly associated. Chronic conditions (choice D) can also contribute to preterm birth, but multiple gestation is a stronger predictor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myelomeningocele. McEwen sign refers to the characteristic scalloping of the frontal bones due to pressure from the expanding brain in individuals with myelomeningocele. This sign is specific to myelomeningocele and is not associated with hydrocephalus (A), microcephaly (C), or encephalocele (D), which have different clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect where the spinal cord and its coverings protrude through an opening in the spine, leading to neurological deficits and associated signs like McEwen sign.