Aggregates at high risk for having poor health outcomes because of limited resources are called:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vulnerable populations. Vulnerable populations are at high risk due to limited resources and face barriers to accessing healthcare. They include groups such as low-income individuals, homeless people, and the elderly. This term encompasses a broader range of individuals compared to the other options. A: Disadvantaged families may lack resources, but not all members may be at high risk for poor health outcomes. B: Multi-problem families may face various challenges, but not all may be at high risk for poor health outcomes. C: Resilient populations have the ability to adapt and recover from adversity, so they are not necessarily at high risk for poor health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse lobbyist who believes strongly in social justice would encourage legislators to support a bill that promotes universal health insurance coverage (Choice B). This is because universal health insurance coverage aligns with the principles of social justice by ensuring that all individuals have access to essential healthcare services regardless of their income or socioeconomic status. By advocating for universal health insurance coverage, the nurse lobbyist is supporting the idea that healthcare should be a fundamental right for all individuals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Establishing policies requiring all persons to pay the same cost for services regardless of income would not address the underlying issue of income disparities and access to healthcare services. C: Requiring all health care providers to give care to uninsured persons without charge is not sustainable and does not address the systemic issues related to healthcare access. D: Requiring health care workers to report undocumented immigrants who present for treatment goes against the principle of providing healthcare to all individuals regardless of their immigration status.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case management. Case management involves coordinating and organizing services for a client to ensure they receive comprehensive care. In this scenario, the nurse is facilitating various aspects of care for the client with type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as referral to an endocrinologist, financial assistance, transportation, and follow-up appointments. This demonstrates the systematic approach of case management to address the client's needs. Summary: B: Client advocacy focuses on representing the client's interests and ensuring they receive appropriate care, but it does not involve the level of coordination seen in case management. C: Holistic care encompasses addressing the client's physical, mental, and social needs, but it does not specifically involve the coordination of services as in case management. D: Wrap-around services involve providing a range of supportive services to address various needs, but it does not capture the structured approach of case management in coordinating care for the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. This level of prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression and complications. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting regular TB screenings to detect the disease at an early stage in homeless clients, offering free treatment to prevent the spread of TB and reduce the severity of the disease. A: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease from occurring, such as through vaccination or health education. This is not the case in the given scenario. C: Tertiary prevention involves managing the long-term effects of a disease to improve quality of life and prevent disability. This is not applicable as the nurse is focusing on early detection and treatment rather than managing long-term effects. D: This choice is incorrect as it combines secondary and tertiary prevention, which are distinct levels of prevention with different objectives. The nurse's actions align more closely with secondary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) are regions with insufficient numbers of health care providers. This designation is based on factors like population-to-provider ratio and the availability of primary care services. Choice A is incorrect because HPSAs are not solely defined by the presence of health care facilities but rather the shortage of providers. Choice B is incorrect because HPSAs can exist in both rural and urban areas, not just isolated areas within urban regions. Choice D is incorrect because HPSAs can have varying population densities, not just limited to regions with densities below 10,000.