Agents that commonly cause nosocomial neonatal infections are

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the agents that commonly cause nosocomial neonatal infections is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. The correct answer, option D) Gonococci, is a significant pathogen that can cause infections in newborns, especially through vertical transmission during childbirth if the mother is infected. Option A) Group B streptococci is a common cause of neonatal infections, but it is typically acquired from the mother during childbirth rather than nosocomially. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (option B) are common skin flora and can cause infections, but they are not typically associated with nosocomial neonatal infections. Option C) Proteus is not a common agent in nosocomial neonatal infections. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens that can cause infections in newborns helps nurses and healthcare providers in implementing appropriate infection control measures, early identification of infections, and prompt treatment to prevent complications in vulnerable neonates. It also highlights the importance of maternal screening and prophylaxis to prevent neonatal infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is A) recurrent abdominal pain. This symptom is often present during early childhood because young children may have difficulty expressing their emotions verbally and instead manifest psychological distress through physical complaints like stomach aches. Headaches (option B) and insomnia (option D) are more commonly associated with older children and adolescents. Neurologic symptoms (option C) are less typical of somatoform disorders in early childhood compared to recurrent abdominal pain. Educationally, recognizing age-related manifestations of somatoform disorders helps nurses differentiate between normal physical complaints and potential psychological issues in children. Understanding these nuances ensures appropriate assessment, intervention, and support for pediatric patients experiencing somatoform disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric Nursing Test Bank, the correct answer is option A) asthma. Asthma is a medical condition associated with a high incidence of panic attacks due to the distressing nature of asthma exacerbations, which can mimic symptoms of panic attacks such as shortness of breath and chest tightness. Option B) rheumatoid arthritis, option C) common variable immune deficiency, and option D) sickle cell anemia are less likely to be associated with a high incidence of panic attacks compared to asthma. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the joints. Common variable immune deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low levels of antibodies. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting red blood cells. Educationally, understanding the association between asthma and panic attacks is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with asthma who may experience panic attacks during exacerbations. Recognizing the signs of panic attacks in children with asthma can lead to prompt intervention and improved outcomes. This knowledge enhances holistic care and promotes the overall well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the manifestations of mood disorders in children is crucial for providing effective care. In the case of a 9-year-old boy experiencing periods of mania alternating with depression, the hallmark of mania is a decreased need for sleep (Option D). This is because during manic episodes, individuals often experience heightened energy levels and decreased need for rest or sleep due to racing thoughts and increased activity. This symptom is particularly significant in children as it can impact their overall well-being and functioning. Excessive talking (Option A) and excessive giggling (Option B) are common behaviors seen in manic episodes, but they are not as specific or consistent as the decreased need for sleep. While racing thoughts (Option C) are also characteristic of mania, they are more subjective and may not always be observable by others. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the nuances of pediatric mood disorders to accurately assess and intervene in such cases. Recognizing the key features of mania, like a decreased need for sleep, can guide nurses in providing appropriate care and support to children experiencing these challenging symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) negative symptoms are most frequent in early childhood and later adolescence. Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare and severe form of the disorder. Negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, lack of emotion, and reduced motivation, are more common in early childhood and later adolescence in children with schizophrenia. This is due to the impact of the illness on the child's developing brain and social skills. Option A is incorrect because childhood-onset schizophrenia is not indicative of a milder form of the disorder. In fact, it is often associated with more severe symptoms and a poorer prognosis compared to adult-onset schizophrenia. Option B is incorrect as research suggests that childhood-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in boys than in girls, contrary to the statement provided. Option C is incorrect as hallucinations in childhood-onset schizophrenia are not mainly tactile misperceptions. Children with this condition commonly experience auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Educationally, understanding the unique characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support for these vulnerable patients. Recognizing the prevalence of negative symptoms at different stages of childhood can aid in early identification and intervention, leading to improved outcomes for affected children and their families.