After teaching a group of students about the epidemiology of schizoaffective disorder, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is more likely to occur in women. Schizoaffective disorder is more prevalent in women than in men, with a slightly higher risk in females. This is due to various factors such as hormonal influences and genetic predispositions. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect because schizoaffective disorder typically presents in late adolescence or early adulthood, not in children; C is incorrect as the disorder affects individuals of all racial backgrounds; D is incorrect as there is evidence of familial clustering indicating a genetic component to the disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abdominal rigidity. Abdominal rigidity can indicate a serious issue such as peritonitis, which may be caused by a malfunctioning NG tube allowing leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity. This requires immediate intervention. Choices A, B, and D are not indicative of NG tube malfunction. Greenish-yellow drainage is normal post-surgery, an aspirate pH of 3 is within the normal range for gastric contents, and air bubbles in the NG tube are common and do not necessarily indicate malfunction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because there is a historical link between the first nursing program to admit male students and the first training school for psychiatric nursing. This is important to include in a discussion of the history of psychiatric-mental health nursing as it highlights the progressive nature of nursing education and the integration of male nurses into psychiatric nursing. This connection showcases the evolution of psychiatric nursing training and its significance within the broader history of nursing education. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Certification for the psychiatric-mental health nursing specialty was not first emphasized by Mary Adelaide Nutting. This statement does not align with the historical development of psychiatric nursing education. B: Psychiatric nurses' role in deinstitutionalization and community mental health centers is not directly related to the history of psychiatric-mental health nursing education, making this choice irrelevant. D: The establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing in response to psychiatric nursing specialty journals is not historically accurate, as the first training school for psychiatric nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because during the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship, the purpose and goals of the interaction are established, setting the foundation for the therapeutic relationship. In contrast, choice A refers to the pre-interaction phase where the roles of both parties are clarified, not the contract itself. Choice C involves the working phase, which focuses on achieving the established goals, not termination conditions. Choice D pertains to the termination phase where the relationship is concluded, not where discharge criteria are set. Therefore, B is correct as it directly relates to the establishment of the purpose of the interaction in the nurse-client contract.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it focuses on the patient's past behavior in response to stress, providing insight into her coping strategies. By understanding how she has dealt with stress before, the nurse can anticipate her current response. Choice A is too focused on the cause of job loss, not the patient's emotional response. Choice B is too narrow, not addressing broader coping mechanisms. Choice C is future-oriented, not addressing the patient's current emotional state.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the use of involuntary treatment and the potential infringement on personal freedoms. This is because the controversy surrounding psychiatry often involves ethical concerns related to involuntary treatment, such as issues of patient autonomy and civil rights. Involuntary treatment raises questions about the balance between the individual's right to refuse treatment and the need for intervention in cases of severe mental illness. Choice A is incorrect because there is not universal agreement on the efficacy of psychiatric medications across all populations, with debates about effectiveness, side effects, and long-term outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as ethical dilemmas do exist in psychiatric practices, such as confidentiality, informed consent, and conflicts of interest. Choice D is incorrect as psychiatric diagnoses are not always aligned with physical health conditions, and the distinction between mental and physical health is a key aspect of psychiatric practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects active listening and empathy. The nurse acknowledges the patient's feelings and opens the door for further discussion. Choice A dismisses the patient's feelings and may come off as insensitive. Choice B provides positive reinforcement but overlooks the patient's emotional state. Choice D generalizes the patient's feelings without addressing their specific concerns. Overall, choice C encourages the patient to express their thoughts and promotes therapeutic communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Boundary setting. When working with a client diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, it is crucial for the nurse to focus on teaching the family about setting boundaries. This is important because individuals with this disorder often have difficulty respecting others' boundaries and may engage in manipulative or harmful behaviors. By establishing clear boundaries, the family can protect themselves and the client from potential harm or exploitation. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Anger management - While anger management may be important in some cases, it is not the primary focus when dealing with antisocial personality disorder. The core issue lies in the individual's lack of empathy, disregard for rules, and manipulative behavior. C: Medication therapy - Medication may be used to manage certain symptoms associated with antisocial personality disorder, but it is not the primary intervention. The focus should be on behavioral and therapeutic approaches. D: Self-responsibility - While self-responsibility is important, individuals with antis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: gustatory, which refers to hallucinations related to taste. This is the correct answer because hallucinations can involve all senses, including taste. Erotomanic (A) hallucinations involve believing someone is in love with you, referential (B) hallucinations involve attaching personal significance to random events, and tangential (D) hallucinations involve diverging from the main topic in conversation. These choices are incorrect because they do not pertain specifically to the sense of taste in hallucinations.