After teaching a class about childhood and adolescent mental health, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the class identifies which of the following as promoting mental health in children?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Difficult temperament. Children with difficult temperaments may face challenges in regulating emotions and behavior, which can impact their mental health. - B: Age-appropriate physical development is important but not directly related to mental health. - C: Secure attachment is crucial for promoting mental health by providing a sense of security and support. - D: Normal psychosocial development is essential for mental health as it encompasses social, emotional, and cognitive growth. In summary, difficult temperament can hinder mental health, while the other choices promote it through various means.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ramelteon. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist, specifically targeting the MT1 and MT2 receptors to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. This mechanism of action helps in promoting sleep onset and regulating the circadian rhythm. Trazodone (A) is a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor used off-label for insomnia. Estazolam (B) is a benzodiazepine used as a hypnotic. Mirtazapine (C) is an antidepressant with sedating effects but does not act as a melatonin receptor agonist.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Difficult temperament. Children with difficult temperaments may face challenges in regulating emotions and behavior, which can impact their mental health. - B: Age-appropriate physical development is important but not directly related to mental health. - C: Secure attachment is crucial for promoting mental health by providing a sense of security and support. - D: Normal psychosocial development is essential for mental health as it encompasses social, emotional, and cognitive growth. In summary, difficult temperament can hinder mental health, while the other choices promote it through various means.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Manage the patient's withdrawal symptoms well. This is crucial as effective management of withdrawal symptoms is essential in the early days of rehabilitation to ensure the patient's success. By addressing withdrawal symptoms promptly and effectively, the patient is more likely to remain engaged in the treatment process and have a smoother transition into the rehabilitation program. A: Restricting visitors to family members only may not be the most critical initial intervention and could potentially isolate the patient from important sources of support. C: Providing a low stimulus environment is important but may not be as immediately impactful as managing withdrawal symptoms, which directly addresses the patient's physical and psychological discomfort. D: Advocating for at least 3 months of treatment is important for long-term success, but managing withdrawal symptoms should take precedence in the initial days after admission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Documenting this puts you at risk for defamation of character." This is because the nurse's statement could harm the client's reputation by implying they have no regard for legal or ethical standards. Defamation of character involves making false statements that harm someone's reputation. The nurse's documentation could be seen as libel if it's in writing. A: "Documenting this breaches the client's right to confidentiality." This is incorrect because the issue is not about breaching confidentiality but rather about potentially harming the client's reputation. B: "Documenting this puts you at risk for malpractice." This is incorrect because malpractice typically involves a failure to meet the standard of care, not necessarily defamation of character. D: "Documenting this breaches the client's right to informed consent." This is incorrect as informed consent relates to the client's understanding and agreement to treatment, not to the nurse's documentation of behavior.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Recreational therapist. A recreational therapist can help the patient identify and engage in meaningful leisure activities to promote socialization and community integration. This can improve the patient's quality of life and overall well-being. Rationale: 1. Psychologist (A): While a psychologist can provide therapy and support, the patient's need for socialization and community engagement would be better addressed by a recreational therapist. 2. Social worker (B): A social worker can provide resources and support, but may not have the expertise in recreational therapy to address the patient's specific needs. 3. Occupational therapist (D): While an occupational therapist can help with daily activities and routines, they may not focus specifically on leisure activities and socialization as a recreational therapist would.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The importance of using therapeutic communication was stressed by Nightingale. Florence Nightingale, considered the founder of modern nursing, emphasized the significance of therapeutic communication in nursing practice. Nightingale's focus was on creating an environment conducive to healing through effective communication with patients. Explanation: Nightingale's emphasis on therapeutic communication laid the foundation for psychiatric-mental health nursing. Incorrect Answers: B: The use of self-care to enhance the immune system was taught by Dorothea Dix. Dorothea Dix was a mental health advocate, not known for teaching self-care to enhance the immune system. C: The moral treatment of mental illness was a primary focus of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization aimed to shift care from mental hospitals to community-based settings, not primarily focusing on moral treatment. D: Peplau was the first nurse to stress the importance of therapeutic communication. While Peplau made significant contributions to psychiatric nursing, Night

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antisocial personality disorder requires the individual to be at least 18 years of age for a diagnosis according to the DSM-5 criteria. This age requirement is essential as the disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of disregard for the rights of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, and aggressiveness, which typically manifest in late adolescence or early adulthood. Choice A is incorrect because antisocial personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in men than in women. Choice C is incorrect as the disorder is not specific to any particular ethnic or racial group. Choice D is incorrect because individuals with antisocial personality disorder often have a higher likelihood of substance abuse, including alcohol abuse, as a co-occurring condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anticholinergics. In Parkinson's disease, anticholinergics are commonly used to manage symptoms by blocking the action of acetylcholine, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter. These medications can worsen cognitive impairment in patients with dementia. Assessing for anticholinergic use in the client's history is crucial to prevent exacerbating cognitive decline. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Dopamine agonists are used to treat Parkinson's disease and would not be directly related to worsening cognitive impairment in this scenario. C: Anxiolytics are used to treat anxiety and would not directly impact cognitive impairment related to Parkinson's disease. D: Benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety and insomnia, but they are not typically associated with worsening cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.