After surgery Leda develops peripheral numbness, tingling and muscle twitching and spasm. What would you anticipate to administer?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Potassium chloride. After surgery, Leda is experiencing symptoms of hypocalcemia, which is characterized by peripheral numbness, tingling, and muscle twitching/spasms. Potassium chloride is administered to treat hypocalcemia because potassium plays a vital role in maintaining proper muscle and nerve function. By administering potassium chloride, the levels of potassium in the body can be restored, helping to alleviate Leda's symptoms. The other options are incorrect for this situation: A) Magnesium sulfate is used to treat magnesium deficiency, not hypocalcemia. B) Calcium gluconate is used to treat calcium deficiencies, but in this case, the symptoms are indicative of low potassium levels, not calcium. C) Potassium iodide is used to treat iodine deficiency and is not relevant to the symptoms described. This educational context highlights the importance of understanding electrolyte imbalances post-surgery and the significance of selecting the appropriate treatment based on the specific electrolyte affected. Nurses must be able to recognize symptoms of electrolyte imbalances and understand the pharmacological interventions required to address them effectively to ensure patient safety and recovery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and wound healing, understanding the causes of hypertrophic burn scars is crucial. The correct answer is C) wound ischemia. This is because hypertrophic scars result from an overgrowth of collagen during the healing process due to inadequate blood supply to the wound site, leading to ischemia. This results in excessive collagen production and fibrosis, characteristic of hypertrophic scars. Option A) exaggerated contraction is incorrect because it refers to keloid scars, which result from excessive collagen synthesis rather than wound ischemia. Option B) random layering of collagen is incorrect as it does not specifically address the vascular component of hypertrophic scarring. Option D) delayed epithelialization is incorrect as it pertains to a different aspect of wound healing and does not directly contribute to hypertrophic scarring. Educationally, this question underscores the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of wound healing and the factors contributing to different types of scars. Pharmacological interventions in wound care aim to optimize healing processes and prevent complications such as hypertrophic scarring, making this knowledge essential for healthcare professionals managing patients with burns and wounds.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a Nurse-Patient interaction, the most important quality of a nurse is understanding (Option A). Understanding encompasses empathy, compassion, and the ability to truly comprehend the patient's needs, concerns, and feelings. This quality forms the foundation of effective communication, trust-building, and holistic care delivery. When a nurse demonstrates understanding, it fosters a therapeutic relationship, enhances patient outcomes, and promotes patient-centered care. Listening (Option C) is crucial in nursing practice, but understanding goes beyond just hearing words; it involves interpreting and empathizing with the patient's perspective. Acceptance (Option B) is important, but without understanding, it may lack depth and authenticity. Teaching (Option D) is valuable but comes after establishing understanding and rapport with the patient. Educationally, emphasizing the importance of understanding in nurse-patient interactions helps students develop essential interpersonal skills, empathy, and communication techniques. By prioritizing understanding, nurses can deliver more effective and compassionate care, ultimately improving patient experiences and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Delusion. A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is not based in reality. In this case, Mang David's belief that he is the top salesman in the world and that different companies want him is a clear example of a delusion commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia. Option A) Hallucination refers to sensory perceptions that are not based in reality, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there. In this case, Mang David's statement does not involve a sensory perception, so it is not a hallucination. Option C) Confabulation is the creation of false memories or stories without the intention to deceive. Mang David's statement is not a fabrication or false memory but rather a fixed false belief, making this option incorrect. Option D) Flight of Ideas is a rapid shifting from one idea to another, often associated with manic episodes in conditions like bipolar disorder. Mang David's statement does not demonstrate this symptom, making this option incorrect in this context. Educationally, understanding the difference between hallucinations, delusions, confabulations, and flight of ideas is crucial for healthcare professionals working with psychiatric clients. Recognizing and correctly interpreting these symptoms can aid in providing appropriate care and interventions for individuals with mental health disorders like schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Simply state that the food is not poisoned. This intervention is the best approach when dealing with a paranoid client who refuses to eat due to the belief that the food is poisoned. By calmly and confidently stating that the food is safe, the nurse acknowledges the client's concerns while providing reassurance and factual information. This response helps build trust and rapport with the client, which is essential in managing paranoia and promoting a therapeutic relationship. Option A) - Taste the food in front of him and tell him that the food is not poisoned, may not be appropriate as it could reinforce the client's delusion or paranoia. It is essential to address the client's concerns without engaging in behaviors that could validate their irrational beliefs. Option B) - Offer other types of food until the client eats, does not directly address the client's paranoia and may not effectively resolve the issue at hand. It is crucial to focus on addressing the client's specific concern rather than avoiding it. Option D) - Offer sealed foods, while a good practice in general for food safety, may not adequately address the client's underlying paranoia. The focus should be on communication and therapeutic relationship building rather than solely changing the method of food delivery. In a clinical setting, understanding how to communicate effectively with clients experiencing paranoia is crucial. Nurses must approach such situations with empathy, respect, and a non-judgmental attitude. By providing clear and concise information, nurses can help clients feel supported and understood, ultimately improving their overall care and well-being.