After severe birth asphyxia, infants may have motor automatisms characterized by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) a poor prognosis. After severe birth asphyxia, infants may exhibit motor automatisms as a sign of central nervous system damage. These automatisms are often associated with a poor prognosis due to the extent of brain injury sustained during the asphyxial event. Motor automatisms in this context can manifest as abnormal, involuntary movements or posturing that indicate significant neurological impairment. Option A) absence of oral-buccal-lingual movements is incorrect because motor automatisms after severe birth asphyxia typically involve abnormal movements rather than a lack of movement. Option B) time-synchronized electroencephalographic discharges is incorrect as it describes a specific EEG finding and not motor automatisms. Option C) significant cortical epileptic activity is incorrect because while seizures can occur after birth asphyxia, it is not indicative of motor automatisms specifically. In an educational context, understanding the implications of motor automatisms following severe birth asphyxia is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing these signs can prompt early intervention and appropriate care planning for infants with neurological sequelae. It underscores the importance of timely assessments, monitoring, and collaboration with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its associated anomalies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to infants affected by this condition. In this question, the correct answer is B) CNS lesions. The correct answer is B because CNS lesions are not typically associated with CDH. CDH primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia as a common complication. Cardiovascular lesions are also frequently seen in CDH cases due to the impact on the developing heart and blood vessels. Esophageal atresia can occur concurrently with CDH due to the malformation of the diaphragm. Educationally, it is important to highlight the diverse range of anomalies that can coexist with CDH to prepare nurses to anticipate and manage potential complications in affected infants. By understanding the typical and atypical associations, nurses can contribute to early detection, intervention, and holistic care for infants with CDH, optimizing outcomes and promoting family-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the therapeutic effect of phototherapy is crucial in managing conditions like neonatal jaundice. The correct answer, D) in vivo metabolism and excretion of bilirubin, is not a factor that directly influences the effectiveness of phototherapy. Phototherapy works by converting bilirubin into water-soluble forms that can be excreted easily, regardless of the infant's metabolism and excretion rates. A) The distance between the lights and the infant is crucial as it determines the intensity of the light reaching the infant's skin, impacting the effectiveness of the treatment. B) Skin color plays a role as infants with darker skin may require different light wavelengths or longer exposure times for phototherapy to be effective. C) The surface area of exposed skin is important as a larger area exposed to the light ensures more bilirubin breakdown and elimination. Educationally, knowing these factors helps nurses optimize phototherapy treatment for neonatal jaundice. Understanding why certain factors matter and others do not guides clinical decision-making and promotes safe and effective pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding the implications of maternal diabetes on newborns is crucial. The correct answer, option D, states that the incidence of congenital anomalies is increased threefold in infants of diabetic mothers. This is true, as infants born to diabetic mothers have a higher risk of congenital anomalies due to the impact of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal development. Option A, stating that hypoglycemia develops in about 25-50% of infants, is true and is a common complication due to the abrupt cessation of the continuous glucose supply from the mother at birth. Option B, mentioning increased weight of the placenta and all infant organs, is also true as maternal diabetes can lead to fetal macrosomia, resulting in larger-than-average organs and placenta. Option C, which mentions that heart failure occurs in 5-10% of infants of diabetic mothers, is incorrect. While infants of diabetic mothers are at risk for various complications, heart failure is not a common occurrence in this population. Educationally, understanding these facts is essential for pediatric nurses to provide optimal care for infants of diabetic mothers. By knowing the potential complications, nurses can anticipate and provide appropriate interventions to promote the health and well-being of these newborns. This knowledge underscores the importance of thorough maternal health assessments and close monitoring of infants born to diabetic mothers to mitigate risks and ensure positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of Pediatric Nursing, understanding the manifestations of different infections in children is crucial. In this case, meningoencephalitis as a feature of transplacental infections is most commonly associated with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, leading to various complications including meningoencephalitis. This occurs when the virus crosses the placenta and infects the baby's central nervous system. The other options, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and Varicella-zoster virus, are known to cause other types of congenital infections in newborns but are not typically associated with meningoencephalitis as frequently as HIV. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific manifestations of different transplacental infections in infants. It emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to be vigilant in recognizing such conditions early for prompt intervention and management. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to newborns at risk for various congenital infections.