After severe birth asphyxia, infants may have motor automatisms characterized by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) a poor prognosis. After severe birth asphyxia, infants may develop motor automatisms which are involuntary, stereotypical movements. These automatisms are a sign of severe neurological damage and indicate a poor prognosis for the infant's long-term outcomes. It is essential for pediatric nurses to recognize and understand these signs to provide appropriate care and support to both the infant and their family. Option A) absence of oral-buccal-lingual movements is incorrect because motor automatisms typically involve repetitive movements rather than a complete absence of movements. Option B) time-synchronized electroencephalographic discharges is incorrect as it describes a phenomenon seen in epileptic seizures rather than motor automatisms following birth asphyxia. Option C) significant cortical epileptic activity is incorrect because while birth asphyxia can lead to seizures and abnormal brain activity, the presence of motor automatisms is more indicative of severe neurological damage rather than specific epileptic activity. Understanding the neurological consequences of birth asphyxia is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a key role in monitoring, assessing, and providing care to these vulnerable infants. By recognizing the significance of motor automatisms as a poor prognostic indicator, nurses can work collaboratively with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes and provide holistic care to these infants and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its associated anomalies is crucial for providing comprehensive care to affected infants. In this case, the correct answer is B) CNS lesions, as CNS anomalies are not commonly associated with CDH. Pulmonary hypoplasia is a key feature of CDH due to lung compression in utero, leading to respiratory distress at birth. Esophageal atresia can be present in CDH cases, as the herniation of abdominal contents can affect the development of the esophagus. Cardiovascular lesions are also commonly seen in CDH patients, as the defect can impact cardiac development and function. Educationally, this question serves to reinforce the understanding of common anomalies associated with CDH and the importance of recognizing atypical findings that may suggest additional complications. By differentiating between the expected and unexpected anomalies in CDH cases, nurses can better advocate for appropriate diagnostic and management strategies to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the therapeutic effects of phototherapy is crucial for managing neonatal jaundice effectively. The correct answer, D) in vivo metabolism and excretion of bilirubin, is not a factor that directly influences the therapeutic effect of phototherapy. Phototherapy works by converting unconjugated bilirubin in the skin to water-soluble isomers that can be excreted easily. Therefore, the metabolism and excretion of bilirubin in the body do not determine the efficacy of phototherapy. A) The distance between the lights and the infant is crucial as it determines the intensity of light exposure, which directly impacts the breakdown of bilirubin. B) Skin color plays a role in how quickly bilirubin can be broken down, as darker skin may require longer exposure to achieve the same effect. C) The surface area of exposed skin is important as a larger surface area allows for more efficient absorption of light and thus better treatment outcomes. In an educational context, nurses need to comprehend the principles behind phototherapy to provide safe and effective care to neonates with jaundice. By understanding the factors that influence the therapeutic effect of phototherapy, nurses can make informed decisions regarding treatment protocols and monitor patients effectively to ensure optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the impact of maternal diabetes on infants is crucial. The correct answer, option D, states that the incidence of congenital anomalies is increased threefold in infants of diabetic mothers. This is true as maternal diabetes poses a higher risk for congenital anomalies in infants due to the effects of hyperglycemia on fetal development. Option A is incorrect as hypoglycemia actually develops in about 25-50% of infants of diabetic mothers due to the sudden drop in glucose levels after birth. Option B is incorrect because while there may be increased weight of the placenta and certain organs, it is not a universal truth for all infant organs. Option C is incorrect as heart failure can occur in 5-10% of infants of diabetic mothers due to the strain on the infant's heart caused by maternal diabetes. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific risks and complications infants of diabetic mothers may face. It emphasizes the need for pediatric nurses to be knowledgeable about how maternal health conditions can impact neonatal outcomes and the importance of vigilant monitoring and care for these infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) HIV. Meningoencephalitis can be a feature of transplacental infections, and HIV is known to cross the placenta and infect the fetus, potentially leading to various complications including meningoencephalitis. Option A) Cytomegalovirus can also cause congenital infections, but it typically presents with symptoms like hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays rather than meningoencephalitis specifically. Option B) Herpes simplex virus can cause neonatal herpes which may present with symptoms like skin lesions, seizures, and respiratory distress, but not typically meningoencephalitis. Option C) Varicella-zoster virus can cause congenital varicella syndrome, but this usually presents with skin scarring, limb hypoplasia, and eye abnormalities rather than meningoencephalitis. Educationally, understanding the potential transplacental infections that can lead to meningoencephalitis is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps in early recognition, appropriate management, and prevention of long-term complications in infants. Recognizing the specific manifestations of different infections aids in providing targeted care and support to affected infants and their families.