After several days of admission, Francis becomes disoriented and complains of frequent headaches. The nurse in-charge first action would be:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Call the physician. This is the most appropriate action because the patient's symptoms of disorientation and frequent headaches may indicate a serious underlying medical issue that requires immediate attention from the physician. Documenting the patient's status (B) can be done after addressing the immediate concern. Oxygen treatment (C) may not be necessary without further assessment by the physician. Raising the side rails (D) is not a priority when the patient is experiencing concerning symptoms. Calling the physician ensures timely intervention and appropriate medical management for the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes the importance of obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium from a variety of foods. Calcium is essential for bone health and can be found in dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and fortified foods. This teaching point promotes a balanced and healthy diet as a natural way to prevent osteoporosis. Choice A is incorrect because routine X-rays are not recommended for detecting bone loss in osteoporosis. Choice B is incorrect as regular exercise, including weight-bearing and resistance training, is beneficial for bone health and can help prevent fractures. Choice D is incorrect as it is possible to meet the daily calcium requirement through dietary sources without necessarily needing a calcium supplement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: colchicine. Colchicine is the medication of choice for treating acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joints. Aspirin (A) can worsen gout by increasing uric acid levels. Furosemide (B) can also exacerbate gout by raising uric acid levels. Calcium gluconate (D) is not used in gout treatment. Therefore, colchicine is the most appropriate choice for the client with gout.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is elevated in clients who smoke but is not a reliable general indicator of cancer. Smoking can increase CEA levels due to inflammation and irritation of the respiratory tract, leading to false positives. Acid phosphatase (A) is associated with prostate cancer, serum calcitonin (B) with medullary thyroid cancer, and alkaline phosphatase (C) with liver or bone diseases. Therefore, they are not elevated solely due to smoking.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: stool for Clostridium difficile test. Rationale: 1. Abdominal pain, fever, and "horse barn" smelling diarrhea can indicate Clostridium difficile infection. 2. Clostridium difficile is a common cause of diarrhea in patients receiving chemotherapy. 3. Early detection and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection are crucial to prevent complications. 4. Stool test for Clostridium difficile can confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Incorrect choices: A: ELISA test - Not indicated for the symptoms described. B: Electrolyte panel and hemogram - Important but not the most immediate concern in this case. D: Flat plate X-ray of the abdomen - Unlikely to provide relevant information for the symptoms presented.