ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
After selecting an appropriate fluid, which action should the nurse take to correctly flush a PRN lock?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because using slow, gentle pressure to clear the lumen is essential to prevent damaging the lock or causing discomfort to the patient. Forceful flushing (A) can damage the lumen, while flushing hard enough to clear resistance (C) may cause discomfort and potential harm. Aspirating for blood return prior to flushing (D) is not necessary for a PRN lock flush as it is typically done before administering medications. In summary, choice B is correct as it ensures safe and effective flushing without causing harm or discomfort.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who was admitted with renal insufficiency. An expected laboratory finding for this patient may be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: a normal serum creatinine level. In renal insufficiency, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products like creatinine, leading to elevated serum levels. A normal creatinine level indicates the kidneys are functioning properly. A: Increased GFR would not be expected in renal insufficiency as GFR typically decreases. C: In renal insufficiency, the ability to excrete drugs may be impaired due to decreased kidney function. D: Hypokalemia is not a typical laboratory finding in renal insufficiency; instead, hyperkalemia is more common due to reduced excretion of potassium.
Question 3 of 5
Conditions that produce acute kidney injury by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue are classified as intrarenal. The most common intrarenal condition is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, acute tubular necrosis (ATN). ATN is the most common intrarenal condition as it directly affects the functioning kidney tissue by causing damage to the renal tubules. This leads to impaired kidney function and acute kidney injury. Prolonged ischemia (choice A) can also cause intrarenal damage, but ATN is more common. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances (choice B) can lead to intrarenal damage, but ATN is still the most common cause. Hypotension for several hours (choice D) can result in prerenal acute kidney injury rather than intrarenal damage like ATN.
Question 4 of 5
The patient's serum creatinine level is 0.7 mg/dL. The expected BUN level should be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (7 to 14 mg/dL) because the normal BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) to creatinine ratio is typically around 10:1. With a serum creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL, the expected BUN level should be around 7 to 14 mg/dL. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the normal BUN to creatinine ratio and would not be expected based on the given serum creatinine level.
Question 5 of 5
What is a minimally acceptable urine output for a patient weighing 75 kg?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 37 mL/hour. For a patient weighing 75 kg, the minimally acceptable urine output is typically around 0.5 mL/kg/hour. Therefore, for a 75 kg patient, the calculation would be 75 kg x 0.5 mL = 37.5 mL/hour, which can be rounded down to 37 mL/hour. This amount ensures adequate renal perfusion and function. Incorrect choices: A: Less than 30 mL/hour - This is too low and may indicate inadequate renal function. C: 80 mL/hour - This is higher than the recommended minimum output and may lead to overdiuresis. D: 150 mL/hour - This amount is excessive and may indicate fluid overload or other issues.