After reviewing the major beliefs of Hinduism, a nursing student identifies the following castes. The student demonstrates understanding by identifying which of the following as the highest caste?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Brahmans. In Hinduism, Brahmans are considered the highest caste due to their traditional role as priests and scholars who perform religious rituals and preserve sacred knowledge. They are tasked with upholding spiritual and moral values in society. Kshatriyas are the warrior caste, Vaisyas are the merchant and farmer caste, and Untouchables are considered outside the caste system and historically faced discrimination. Brahmans hold the highest social status and are respected for their spiritual knowledge and leadership in religious practices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensure a quiet, nondisrupting environment. This is the first step because creating a peaceful setting is essential for relaxation techniques to be effective. It helps the patient focus and unwind. - Choice A is incorrect as assuming a relaxed position comes after setting the environment. - Choice B is incorrect as advising the patient to let sensations happen is a later step in the process. - Choice D is incorrect as instructing the patient to take a deep breath is also a subsequent step once the environment is conducive to relaxation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct technique for de-escalating a client with OCPD experiencing extreme anxiety is employing active listening. Active listening involves fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what the client is saying. This technique can help the client feel heard, validated, and understood, which can reduce their anxiety. It also allows the client to express their thoughts and feelings, promoting a sense of control and autonomy. This approach is client-centered and respectful, aligning with the principles of effective therapy for OCPD. Summary: A: Physically directing the client may increase their anxiety and worsen the situation. B: Holding steady eye contact may be perceived as confrontational and intrusive, escalating the client's anxiety. D: Taking control and instructing the client may trigger resistance and exacerbate feelings of lack of control, which are common in OCPD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Unresolved unconscious conflicts. According to the psychoanalytic theory, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) stems from unresolved unconscious conflicts that manifest as excessive worry and anxiety. Sigmund Freud proposed that anxiety is a result of repressed emotions and unresolved conflicts from childhood. Individuals with GAD may be experiencing inner conflicts or unresolved issues that are causing them to feel anxious. The other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the psychoanalytic perspective, which focuses on internal conflicts rather than external stressors or neurological explanations like kindling.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (C): The nurse should explain that the symptoms of complex somatic symptom disorder can be manifestations of emotions that the client is unable to express verbally. This response addresses the psychological aspect of the disorder, which is a key component of somatic symptom disorders. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Genetic link is not the primary cause of complex somatic symptom disorder. B: Chronic stress leading to hypoarousal is not the typical explanation for this disorder. D: Internal preoccupation with events may be a feature of the disorder but does not explain the underlying cause related to emotional expression.