After receiving a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia, a patient is visibly distraught, stating, 'I have no idea where to go from here.' How should the nurse prepare to meet this patient's psychosocial needs?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Choice C (Correct Answer): Assessing the patient's specific needs for education and support is crucial in meeting the psychosocial needs of a patient diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. By understanding the patient's informational and emotional needs, the nurse can provide tailored support and resources, enhancing the patient's coping abilities and overall well-being. This approach fosters a therapeutic relationship and promotes patient-centered care. Summary of Other Choices: A: Assessing the patient's previous experience with the health care system is important but may not directly address the immediate psychosocial needs related to the new diagnosis. B: Reassuring the patient about treatment success is premature and may invalidate the patient's feelings of distress and uncertainty. D: Identifying the patient's plan of medical care is essential but focuses more on the medical aspect rather than the psychosocial aspect of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eat iron-enriched foods. Iron-enriched foods help increase iron levels in the body, aiding in treating iron deficiency anemia. Consuming these foods along with ferrous sulfate can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. B: Spreading the dosage across each day is important to maintain consistent iron levels but is not the most crucial aspect of treatment. C: Taking the drug on an empty stomach may enhance absorption but can also lead to stomach upset, so it is not necessary for all clients. D: Reporting dark green or black stools is important to monitor for gastrointestinal bleeding, but it is not an instruction related to taking ferrous sulfate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heparin. Following an acute MI, a client receiving alteplase may also be prescribed heparin to prevent re-thrombosis and further clot formation. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent that works by breaking down clots, while heparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent new clots from forming. Protamine (choice A) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not typically administered alongside alteplase. Desmopressin (choice B) is used for conditions like diabetes insipidus, unrelated to MI treatment. Ferrous sulfate (choice C) is an iron supplement, not indicated in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alteplase. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. It is crucial to administer within a specific time frame for the best outcome. Aspirin (B) and Clopidogrel (C) are antiplatelet agents that prevent further clot formation but are not used for immediate clot dissolution in acute ischemic stroke. Heparin (D) is an anticoagulant that prevents clot formation and is not typically used as the initial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prostacyclin is a vasodilator, which means it causes blood vessels to widen, leading to decreased blood pressure and increased blood flow. During haemostasis, this vasodilation helps in maintaining blood flow and preventing platelet aggregation in the damaged area. Option A is incorrect because prostacyclin does not cleave prothrombin into thrombin. Option C is incorrect as prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation. Option D is incorrect because prostacyclin does not directly activate fibrinolysis. In summary, the correct answer is B because prostacyclin's vasodilation function plays a crucial role in haemostasis by preventing excessive clot formation and maintaining blood flow.