After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nutrition, understanding the impact of surgery like ileostomy on the body is crucial. In this case, after ileostomy, it is expected that the individual may experience liquid stool due to the bypassing of the colon where water absorption primarily occurs. Therefore, option C is expected. Option A, increased weight, is NOT expected after ileostomy because individuals may actually experience weight loss due to changes in digestion and nutrient absorption post-surgery. This is because the shortened digestive tract may lead to decreased absorption of nutrients, potentially resulting in weight loss. Option B, irritation of the skin around the stoma, is a common issue post-ileostomy due to the constant contact of intestinal contents with the skin. Proper stoma care and management are essential to prevent and address skin irritation. Option D, establishment of regular bowel movements, is also NOT expected after ileostomy because the individual will no longer have a colon to regulate bowel movements. Stool consistency and frequency may vary, and individuals may not achieve the same regularity as before the surgery. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of understanding the physiological changes and potential consequences of surgical procedures on nutrition and gastrointestinal function. It emphasizes the need for tailored nutrition plans and close monitoring for individuals undergoing ileostomy to ensure optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the field of pharmacology, understanding the concept of sample groups is crucial for conducting research and interpreting results accurately. A sample group represents a specific subset of the population that is studied to draw conclusions about the larger population. In the context of a nutrition study, a sample group would typically consist of individuals selected to participate in the research to assess the effects of a particular dietary intervention. Option A, "Control group," is the correct answer because a control group in a study is a sample group that does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention. By comparing the outcomes of the control group with those of the treatment group, researchers can determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Option B, "Study subjects," is not the correct answer because study subjects refer to the individuals who participate in the research study but do not represent the entire sample group. Option C, "General population," is incorrect because the general population includes a much larger and more diverse group of individuals than those included in a specific sample group. Generalizing findings from a sample group to the general population requires statistical methods to ensure the validity of the conclusions. Option D, "Universe," is also incorrect as the universe refers to the entire population or all possible subjects that could be included in a study, not just the specific subset being studied in a sample group. Understanding the distinction between sample groups and their roles in research is fundamental in pharmacology and other scientific fields to ensure the validity and generalizability of study findings. Researchers must carefully select and describe their sample groups to accurately represent the population of interest and draw meaningful conclusions from their research studies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) epiglottis. The rationale behind this is that postoperatively, the most common complication related to nutrition in the context of pharmacology is aspiration pneumonia due to epiglottic dysfunction. The epiglottis plays a crucial role in preventing food or liquids from entering the airway during swallowing. Dysfunction of the epiglottis can lead to aspiration of food or liquids into the lungs, causing pneumonia. Option A) hemorrhage is a common postoperative complication, but it is not directly related to nutrition practice. Option B) endotracheal tube perforation is more related to airway management and is not specifically a nutrition-related issue. Option C) oropharyngeal edema can cause swallowing difficulties but is not the most common postoperative complication related to nutrition. From an educational perspective, understanding the importance of the epiglottis in preventing aspiration during swallowing is crucial for nurses caring for postoperative patients. Monitoring for signs of aspiration pneumonia, such as coughing while eating or drinking, fever, or increased respiratory rate, is essential in preventing complications related to epiglottic dysfunction. Nurses must be vigilant in assessing patients for these signs to intervene promptly and prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is "D) Bed rest." Rationale: 1. **Bed rest**: By advising the patient to rest, we aim to minimize movement and activity, which can help prevent the renal calculus from shifting and causing potential pain or obstruction. Resting allows the body to focus on the natural process of passing the stone without added stress. 2. **Why others are wrong**: - **A) Balanced diet**: While a balanced diet is important for overall health, it may not directly impact the passing of a renal calculus. - **B) Ambulate more**: Increasing physical activity could potentially worsen the situation by causing the stone to move and trigger more discomfort. - **C) Strain all urine**: Straining urine is essential to monitor for the passing of stones, but it does not directly aid in the process of passing them. 3. **Educational context**: Understanding the rationale behind bed rest in this situation is crucial for healthcare providers. It highlights the importance of providing appropriate guidance to patients with renal calculi to support their recovery process effectively. By knowing when to advise rest over activity, healthcare professionals can contribute to better patient outcomes and comfort during such conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Bring the crash cart to the room. This option is the most appropriate because when a patient goes into cardiopulmonary arrest, immediate access to life-saving equipment is crucial. The crash cart contains essential medications, defibrillator, airway management tools, and other necessary supplies to manage a cardiac arrest situation effectively. Option A) Start basic life support measures is not the best choice in this case because the situation described indicates a more critical state where advanced interventions and equipment are necessary. Option B) Call for the Code is not the immediate action to take as bringing the crash cart to the room should be the priority to have the necessary tools at hand to manage the emergency. Option D) Go to see Fiolo and assess for airway patency and breathing problems is not the most appropriate response as the priority in a cardiac arrest situation is to have the crash cart ready for immediate intervention rather than assessing the airway or breathing first. In an educational context, it is vital for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to understand the importance of quick and appropriate responses in emergency situations like cardiopulmonary arrest. Proper training and familiarity with emergency protocols and equipment such as the crash cart are essential to ensure timely and effective management of such critical events, ultimately improving patient outcomes.