ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
After eating, a patient with an inflamed gallbladder experiences pain caused by contraction of the gallbladder. What is the mechanism responsible for this action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of cholecystokinin by the duodenum. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released by the duodenum in response to the presence of fatty acids and amino acids. It stimulates the gallbladder to contract, causing the release of bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion. This is directly related to the patient's symptoms of gallbladder pain after eating, as the contraction of the gallbladder is triggered by CCK. A: Production of bile by the liver is not the mechanism responsible for the gallbladder contraction. B: Production of secretin by the duodenum is involved in regulating the pH of the duodenum, not gallbladder contraction. C: Release of gastrin from the stomach antrum is related to stomach acid secretion, not gallbladder contraction. In summary, the correct answer, D, is directly related to the mechanism responsible for gallbladder pain after eating,
Question 2 of 5
Which female patient is most likely to have metabolic syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient's blood pressure, HDL levels, and fasting blood glucose levels all indicate a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome. High blood pressure, low HDL levels, and elevated blood glucose are key components of metabolic syndrome. Option A has normal blood pressure and slightly elevated triglycerides and blood glucose, but not as concerning as choice B. Option C has a normal blood pressure, slightly elevated triglycerides, and good HDL levels, which lowers the likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Option D has a normal blood pressure, very low HDL levels, and slightly elevated blood glucose, but the blood pressure is not in the hypertensive range as in choice B.
Question 3 of 5
What type of pain does the nurse expect a patient with an ulcer of the posterior portion of the duodenum to experience?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Back pain that occurs 2 to 4 hours following meals. This type of pain is characteristic of duodenal ulcers due to increased acid secretion post-meals. Pain occurs when acidic stomach contents enter the duodenum, stimulating pain receptors. Back pain is common as the ulcer is located in the posterior portion of the duodenum. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the typical pain pattern of a duodenal ulcer. Choice A is more indicative of gastritis, Choice C is suggestive of peptic ulcer disease, and Choice D is more characteristic of gastric ulcers.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-year-old patient calls the outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is experiencing symptoms that could indicate appendicitis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Nausea, vomiting, and right lower abdominal pain are classic signs of appendicitis. Advising the patient to have the symptoms evaluated by a healthcare provider right away is crucial to prevent potential complications like a ruptured appendix. Choice A is incorrect because using a heating pad may worsen the condition if it is indeed appendicitis. Choice B is incorrect because drinking juice may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because taking a laxative is not recommended as it could potentially aggravate the condition. In summary, choice D is the correct answer as it prioritizes the patient's health and safety by seeking prompt medical evaluation for the concerning symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
In report, the nurse learns that the patient has a transverse colostomy. What should the nurse expect when providing care for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Semiliquid stools with increased fluid requirements. A transverse colostomy is located in the upper part of the colon, where stool consistency is more liquid. This type of colostomy typically produces semiliquid stools due to the shorter transit time in the colon, leading to increased fluid requirements to prevent dehydration. Summary of other choices: B: Liquid stools in a pouch and increased fluid requirements - Incorrect because transverse colostomies produce semiliquid stools, not entirely liquid. C: Formed stools with a pouch, needing irrigation, but no fluid needs - Incorrect as transverse colostomies do not produce formed stools, and fluid intake is necessary. D: Semiformed stools in a pouch with the need to monitor fluid balance - Incorrect because transverse colostomies produce semiliquid stools, not semiformed, and increased fluid intake is needed.