ATI RN
Anatomy Reproductive System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
After birth, the pressure in the pulmonary artery decreases greatly. What is the cause of this?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. After birth, the lungs expand and start functioning, leading to increased oxygen levels, which causes the pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease. This allows blood flow to the lungs and decreases pressure in the pulmonary artery. A: Systemic arterial pressure increasing does not directly affect the pressure in the pulmonary artery. B: Ductus arteriosus closing is part of the normal postnatal changes but does not directly cause the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. C: Left ventricular pressure increasing is a consequence of the closure of the ductus arteriosus but does not explain the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure.
Question 2 of 5
Neonates that are kept in 100% oxygen incubators for several days become blind when they are removed from the incubator, a condition referred to as retrolental fibroplasia. What is the explanation for the loss of sight?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because high oxygen concentration in neonates suppresses normal blood vessel growth in the retina. When oxygen therapy is stopped, oxygen levels fall, triggering excessive blood vessel growth in the retina and vitreous humor, leading to fibrous blockage of light. Option A suggests fibrous tissue growth due to oxygen, which is incorrect. Option B inaccurately states that oxygen causes vessel rupture. Option D is incorrect as oxygen does not directly destroy retinal neurons.
Question 3 of 5
In order for milk to flow from the nipple of the mother into the mouth of the nursing infant, which of the following must occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because oxytocin is responsible for stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli in the mammary glands, causing milk ejection. This process is known as the let-down reflex. In contrast, choice A (myoepithelial cells must relax) is incorrect because they need to contract to push milk out. Choice B (prolactin levels must fall) is incorrect because prolactin is responsible for milk production, not milk ejection. Choice D (the baby's mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple) is incorrect because it is the mother's hormone release, not the baby's action, that causes milk flow.
Question 4 of 5
Which gland surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the junction with the urinary bladder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prostate. The prostate gland surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the junction with the urinary bladder. It secretes a fluid that makes up a significant portion of semen. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Ejaculatory gland is not a correct anatomical structure. B: Seminal vesicles are located behind the bladder and contribute to semen production. C: Bulbourethral glands are located at the base of the penis and secrete a lubricating fluid during arousal.
Question 5 of 5
A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: zygote. A zygote is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, marking the beginning of a new individual's development. It is the first cell of the new organism with a full set of chromosomes. A: Blastocyst is a later stage of development after the zygote has undergone several cell divisions. C: Fetus refers to the later stages of development when the embryo has developed recognizable features. D: Embryo is the stage after the zygote when the cells start to differentiate into different tissues and organs.