After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The chewing reflex originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls basic life functions like breathing and swallowing. The ability to voluntarily initiate or stop chewing comes from the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and movements. The pons (choice A) is involved in regulating breathing, not chewing. The spinal cord (choice C) is responsible for reflex actions but not specifically chewing. The midbrain (choice D) is more related to sensory processing and motor function, not chewing reflex. Therefore, the correct answer is B based on the roles of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum in chewing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: rugae. Rugae are large folds in the tunica submucosa and mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion when the stomach is full. Epiploic appendages (A) are fatty projections on the serosa of the large intestine. Plicae circulares (C) are circular folds in the small intestine for increasing surface area. Villi (D) are finger-like projections in the small intestine for absorption. Rugae specifically refer to the folds in the stomach lining, making them the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Granular cells, also known as Paneth cells, produce antimicrobial peptides to protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria. These peptides have antimicrobial properties that help prevent bacterial overgrowth and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Absorptive cells are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, while goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication. Endocrine cells produce hormones that regulate various physiological processes. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as granular cells play a direct role in protecting the intestinal epithelium from bacteria.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin is not part of the enzymatic component of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, lipase for fat digestion, and nucleases for nucleic acid digestion. Chymotrypsin is produced in the pancreas but is not secreted directly into the pancreatic juice. It is released in an inactive form that is activated in the small intestine. Therefore, chymotrypsin is not directly involved in the initial breakdown of nutrients in the pancreatic juice.