After abdominal surgery, a patient with protein calorie malnutrition is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Which is the best indicator that the patient is receiving adequate nutrition?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Surgical incision is healing normally. This is the best indicator of adequate nutrition post-abdominal surgery in a malnourished patient receiving PN. Adequate nutrition supports wound healing, so a normally healing incision indicates sufficient protein and calories for tissue repair. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Serum albumin level may take longer to reflect changes in nutrition status, B) Fluid balance does not directly reflect nutritional status, and C) Incomplete answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Tonsils are lymphoid tissues located in the oral and nasal pharynx, and the root of the tongue. 2. The frenulum is a small fold of tissue under the tongue, not known to contain tonsils. 3. Therefore, the area around the frenulum does not contain tonsils. Summary: A is correct because tonsils are not found around the frenulum. B, C, and D are incorrect as they are known locations of tonsils in the oral and nasal pharynx and the root of the tongue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cholecystokinin. It is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fat and protein in the digestive tract. Cholecystokinin plays a role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Trypsin, ribonuclease, and chymotrypsinogen are enzymes involved in digestion, not hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands and released into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The duodenum has the greatest amount of enzyme activity among the choices given. This is because the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where most digestion occurs. It receives bile from the liver and pancreatic enzymes, which aid in breaking down food molecules. The colon, jejunum, and ileum are parts of the small intestine but have less enzyme activity compared to the duodenum. The colon mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, while the jejunum and ileum are involved in nutrient absorption rather than enzyme activity. Therefore, the duodenum is the correct choice based on its role in digestion and enzyme secretion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water in the digestive system. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue, forming feces. The small intestine is more involved in nutrient absorption. The stomach mainly digests food, while the duodenum is the initial segment of the small intestine where most digestion occurs. The large intestine's main role in water absorption makes it the correct answer.