After a stroke, a patient is having difficulty swallowing. The nurse may make a referral to what member of the healthcare team?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: speech therapist. Speech therapists specialize in evaluating and treating swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) after a stroke. They can provide techniques and exercises to improve swallowing function. Physical therapists focus on mobility and strength, social workers address psychosocial needs, and respiratory therapists manage breathing-related issues. However, in this case, the primary concern is swallowing dysfunction, making the speech therapist the most appropriate referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: patient's record. The patient's record is a legal document that provides an accurate and detailed account of the care provided, actions taken, and assessments made by the nurse. It serves as concrete evidence to defend against allegations of nursing negligence. Testimony of other nurses (A) may be biased or inconsistent. Testimony of expert witnesses (B) may not always be available or reliable. Patients' families (D) are not directly involved in the care provided and may not have accurate information. The patient's record is the most reliable and objective source of evidence to refute claims of nursing negligence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: patient sex. In electronic medical records, patient sex is crucial for accurate identification and treatment. It helps in determining appropriate medical interventions and understanding potential health risks based on gender. Patient admission date (B) is important for administrative purposes but not part of the minimum data set. Patient physical assessment (C) may be important clinically but not mandatory in all electronic medical records. Patient insurance (D) may be relevant for billing purposes but is not part of the minimum data set. Therefore, the correct answer is patient sex as it is essential for providing personalized and effective healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Referring a teen with suicidal thoughts to a mental healthcare specialist is the best example of using the collaborator role as a nurse. This action demonstrates collaboration with other healthcare professionals to ensure the patient receives appropriate care beyond the nurse's scope of practice. By involving a mental healthcare specialist, the nurse is utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to address the teen's mental health needs effectively. This aligns with the collaborator role of a nurse, which involves working with other healthcare providers to optimize patient outcomes. A: Discussing legal aspects of adoption is more aligned with the educator role. B: Searching the Internet for information on child care is more aligned with the researcher role. C: Conducting a patient interview is part of the caregiver role, not specifically the collaborator role.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (D): A theory is a statement of an occurrence based on observed facts. In this context, the nurse observed that some patients have less pain after procedures, leading to a theory about why this happens. The theory is based on the observation of a pattern or trend in real-world data. It is not a direct proof of a fact (A), not borrowed from other disciplines (B), and not a best guess based on intangible ideas (C). Summary of Other Choices: A: Incorrect because a theory is not used to directly prove a fact; it is an explanation based on observed facts. B: Incorrect because a theory is not borrowed from other disciplines; it is developed through observation and analysis of specific phenomena. C: Incorrect because a theory is not a best guess based on intangible ideas; it is a logical explanation derived from observed facts.