After a severe auto accident, a patient has been taken to the trauma unit and has an estimated

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Packed red blood cells contain primarily red blood cells and are used to increase the patient's oxygen-carrying capacity. After a severe auto accident, the patient may experience blood loss and require a transfusion of packed red blood cells to improve oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. While other blood products like whole blood or fresh frozen plasma contain additional components (such as plasma proteins or clotting factors), packed red blood cells are specifically indicated to address oxygen-carrying needs in cases of significant blood loss or anemia. Therefore, in the trauma unit for a patient following a severe auto accident, the nurse should prepare to administer packed red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Beta blockers are commonly used in the treatment of migraine headaches. These medications work by blocking the action of certain chemicals that cause blood vessels to dilate. By helping to prevent blood vessel dilation and constriction, beta blockers can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Additionally, beta blockers are thought to interfere with the transmission of pain signals in the brain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The therapeutic levels for digoxin are typically considered to be between 0.5 % 2 ng/mL. This range is associated with optimal therapeutic effects of digoxin in managing heart conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Levels below 0.5 ng/mL may be subtherapeutic while levels above 2 ng/mL can lead to toxicity symptoms like nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring digoxin levels within the therapeutic range ensures the medication is effective and safe for the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nitroglycerine is commonly used as a therapeutic agent for the relief or prevention of anginal attacks in patients with stable angina or chronic angina pectoris. Angina is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Nitroglycerine works by dilating blood vessels, which helps to increase blood flow to the heart and reduce the workload of the heart, thereby relieving chest pain associated with angina.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Half-life is the period of time required for the concentration of a drug in the body to be reduced by 50%. It is an important pharmacokinetic parameter that helps determine dosing intervals and drug accumulation or clearance. Understanding a drug's half-life is crucial in optimizing dosing regimens and achieving desired therapeutic outcomes. Efficacy refers to the maximum therapeutic effect that a drug can produce. Steady-state concentration is the consistent level of drug concentration achieved after repeated doses. Clearance is the rate at which a drug is removed from the body.