After a house fire, a 4-year-old child begins sucking his thumb and wetting his bed. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The effects on young children can be especially disruptive. They can resort to regressive behaviors such as sucking their thumbs, wetting their beds, crying, and clinging to parents. This regression is normal in response to the event. Regression is a normal response; thus, it is not necessary to recommend psychological counseling or behavior therapy. It would not be appropriate to explain to a 4-year old child that he/she should be 'strong'.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In low-risk populations, the ELISA test’s positive predictive value is low due to a higher chance of false positives relative to true positives. (A) is false (most untreated HIV-positive individuals progress to AIDS), (B) is false (antibodies indicate infection, not immunity), (D) is false (false positives are rare in advanced AIDS), and (E) is false (negative ELISA doesn’t rule out early infection).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, not as a component of enzymes in intermediary metabolism, making (A) false. (B), (C), (D), and (E) are true: deficiency causes goiter (and often hypothyroidism), it’s toxic in excess, and supplements protect against radioactive iodine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hormone replacement therapy reduces osteoporosis risk, notably hip fractures, making (B) true. Combination therapy lowers endometrial cancer risk, breast cancer risk may increase, coronary benefits are debated, and thromboembolism risk rises slightly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: DDT was critical post-WWII in controlling typhus by killing lice, the vector, breaking transmission cycles.