ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Adverse effects of atropine include the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive salivation. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased secretions including saliva. Excessive salivation is not an adverse effect but rather a therapeutic effect of atropine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because retention of urine, sinus tachycardia, and constipation are known adverse effects of atropine due to its anticholinergic properties.
Question 2 of 5
The following statements concerning prazosin and phentolamine are correct EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Prazosin and phentolamine both antagonize alpha1-receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. 2. Both drugs are competitive antagonists, competing with norepinephrine at alpha1-receptors. 3. However, phentolamine causes reflex tachycardia due to its non-selective alpha-adrenergic blockade, unlike prazosin. 4. Therefore, the statement that both cause the same degree of tachycardia is incorrect based on their pharmacological differences.
Question 3 of 5
Isoprenaline produces the following actions EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Isoprenaline is a beta-adrenergic agonist. 2. It directly stimulates beta adrenoceptors, leading to effects like increased heart rate. 3. Isoprenaline causes bronchodilation by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. 4. It also causes vasodilation, leading to decreased blood pressure. 5. Isoprenaline does not have a direct effect on intestinal motility, making option D incorrect. Summary: Option D is incorrect as isoprenaline does not increase intestinal motility. Options A, B, and C are correct as isoprenaline directly stimulates beta adrenoceptors, relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, and decreases blood pressure, respectively.
Question 4 of 5
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla. The tumor results in extraordinarily high blood noradrenaline levels. What drug or drug combination can block all of the adrenergic receptors and normalize all the signs and symptoms caused by pheochromocytoma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C - Phentolamine plus propranolol. Phentolamine is an alpha-adrenergic blocker that can counteract the effects of high noradrenaline levels, while propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker that can further control the symptoms by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. Combining both drugs can effectively block all adrenergic receptors and normalize the signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma. A: Propranolol alone cannot block all adrenergic receptors, as it only targets beta receptors. B: Phentolamine alone can block alpha receptors but does not address the beta receptors. D: Atropine plus phenylephrine combination does not cover all adrenergic receptors involved in pheochromocytoma.
Question 5 of 5
X is a drug that contains a mixture of amphetamines. It is used for managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug causes autonomic effects that can be fatal if an overdose is taken. How does X work in the body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because X, a mixture of amphetamines, works by releasing neuronal noradrenaline, causing excessive sympathetic effects like severe rises in blood pressure. This is how the drug helps manage ADHD symptoms. The other choices are incorrect because A (blocking muscarinic receptors) would not be related to the autonomic effects seen with X, B (blocking β2 receptors) would not explain the fatal autonomic effects, and C (inhibiting MAO) would not lead to the described autonomic effects. Therefore, D is the correct choice based on how X works in the body to produce its effects on the sympathetic nervous system.