Adonis arrives at the gym and spots a dumbbell he wants to use. When attempting to lift the weight, his biceps brachii contract, but the weight is not moved because it is too heavy. This is called?

Correct Answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isometric contraction. In isometric contraction, the muscle contracts but there is no movement at the joint. In this scenario, Adonis's biceps brachii contract but the weight is not moved, indicating an isometric contraction. In concentric contraction (B), the muscle shortens to move the weight upward. In eccentric contraction (C), the muscle lengthens while under tension, controlling the descent of the weight. Incomplete tetanus (D) refers to a state where muscle fibers are stimulated rapidly but not at the maximum rate to produce sustained contractions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ADH. Hypothalamic-releasing hormones regulate anterior pituitary hormones. ADH is produced in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary, not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone. ACTH, growth hormone, and prolactin are all controlled by hypothalamic-releasing hormones such as CRH, GHRH, and PRH, respectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Step 1: ACTH is released from the anterior pituitary gland. Step 2: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol. Choice A is incorrect because CRH is secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate ACTH release. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol is produced in the adrenal cortex, not the adenohypophysis. Choice D is incorrect because the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, not glucagon.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Bronzing is a characteristic symptom of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) due to increased production of melanin. In this condition, the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones, leading to skin hyperpigmentation. This differs from hyperglycemia (choice A), Cushing syndrome (choice B), and ADH insufficiency (choice D), which do not directly cause bronzing. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones involved in the body's response to stress or danger. These hormones help increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because: A: The adrenal medulla is actually part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, not the "feed-and-breed" division. C: Steroids are produced by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. D: Cushing syndrome is caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla.