Administration of antenatal corticosteroids to women between 24 and 34 wk of gestation significantly reduces the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, the administration of antenatal corticosteroids to women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation is a crucial intervention to enhance fetal lung maturation and reduce the incidence and mortality of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. The correct answer, B) postnatal growth, is the exception because antenatal corticosteroids do not directly impact the postnatal growth of the infant. Option A, incidence and mortality of RDS, is directly affected by antenatal corticosteroids as they improve lung maturity, reducing the risk of RDS. Option C, overall neonatal mortality, is decreased as antenatal corticosteroids lower the likelihood of complications associated with prematurity. Option D, need for and duration of ventilatory support, is also reduced because the improved lung function resulting from corticosteroid administration decreases the severity of respiratory issues in preterm infants. In an educational context, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the rationale behind administering antenatal corticosteroids and their impact on neonatal outcomes. This knowledge enables nurses to provide evidence-based care, advocate for optimal treatment strategies, and effectively educate parents on the benefits of this intervention in improving neonatal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Breast milk jaundice is a condition characterized by prolonged jaundice in breastfed infants. The correct answer, D, "kernicterus never occurs," is accurate because breast milk jaundice, although it can cause prolonged jaundice, does not lead to kernicterus. Kernicterus is a severe neurological condition resulting from high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, which can cause brain damage in infants. Option A is incorrect because breast milk jaundice actually develops in around 2% of breastfed term infants, making this statement true. Option B is also incorrect as breast milk jaundice can lead to maximal unconjugated bilirubin concentrations as high as 10-30 mg/dL during the 2nd-3rd week of life. Option C is incorrect as jaundice in breast milk jaundice can persist for 3-10 weeks, which is a characteristic feature of this condition. In an educational context, understanding breast milk jaundice is crucial for healthcare professionals working with infants and new mothers. By recognizing the features of breast milk jaundice, healthcare providers can differentiate it from other causes of jaundice and provide appropriate guidance and support to families. It is essential to monitor these infants closely to prevent complications and provide necessary interventions if needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and maternal health, understanding the implications of diabetes in pregnancy is crucial. Diabetic mothers are at a higher risk for various complications, and it is important for nurses to be able to differentiate these risks. The correct answer is A) Oligohydramnios. Diabetic mothers are more prone to polyhydramnios rather than oligohydramnios. Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, which can occur due to the baby's inability to process glucose, leading to increased fetal urination and amniotic fluid production. Option B) Preeclampsia is a complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, which can occur in any pregnancy but is not specifically associated with diabetic mothers. Option C) Pyelonephritis is a urinary tract infection that has no specific link to diabetic mothers, although they may be more prone to infections due to compromised immune function. Option D) Preterm labor is a risk for all pregnant women, but diabetic mothers may be at a higher risk due to various factors such as poor glucose control leading to fetal macrosomia. Understanding these distinctions is vital for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to both the mother and the infant. By knowing the specific risks associated with diabetes in pregnancy, nurses can anticipate and manage potential complications more effectively, ensuring the best possible outcomes for both mother and child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intracranial calcification is a key feature seen in congenital rubella syndrome, making option D the correct answer. Rubella is known to cause various developmental abnormalities in the fetus, including intracranial calcifications, which can be visualized on imaging studies. Option A, Cytomegalovirus, typically presents with other features like microcephaly and hearing loss rather than intracranial calcifications. Option B, Herpes simplex virus, is not associated with intracranial calcifications in the context of transplacental infection. Option C, Varicella-zoster virus, does not commonly lead to intracranial calcifications in utero. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of transplacental infections in pediatric nursing is crucial for early identification and appropriate management. This knowledge aids in providing comprehensive care to infants affected by these infections. By knowing the distinct features of each infection, healthcare providers can offer targeted interventions and support to improve outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Fructose. The Clinitest screen is a diagnostic test used to detect reducing sugars in urine, commonly used in screening for conditions like galactosemia and diabetes. Fructose is a non-reducing sugar, meaning it does not react with the Clinitest reagent, so it would not be detected by this test. Glucose (Option A) is a reducing sugar and would be detected by the Clinitest screen. Galactose (Option C) is also a reducing sugar and would react with the Clinitest reagent, leading to a positive result. Sucrose (Option D) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, but it is not a reducing sugar as it does not have a free aldehyde or ketone group for the reaction with the Clinitest reagent. In an educational context, understanding the types of sugars and their properties is crucial in pediatric nursing to accurately interpret diagnostic tests like the Clinitest. Knowing which sugars are detected or not detected can help in diagnosing various metabolic disorders in infants and children. This knowledge aids in providing effective care and treatment strategies for pediatric patients.