Additive CNS depression can be predicted if benzodiazepines are used with:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Benzodiazepines, when used in combination with ethanol, morphine, or chlorpromazine, can lead to additive CNS depression due to their similar mechanisms of action. Ethanol enhances the sedative effects of benzodiazepines, morphine can increase the risk of respiratory depression when combined with benzodiazepines, and chlorpromazine can potentiate the sedative effects. Therefore, using benzodiazepines with any of these substances can result in increased CNS depression. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because each of these substances alone can potentiate CNS depression when combined with benzodiazepines, making choice D the most comprehensive and correct option.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: - Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used to prevent gastric ulcers, not an antacid. - Maalox, Mylanta, and Almagel are all antacids used to neutralize stomach acid. - Misoprostol increases gastric mucus production, inhibits acid secretion, and promotes healing of the stomach lining. - Therefore, the correct answer is A (Misoprostol) as it is not an antacid but rather a medication used to prevent ulcers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Streptokinase. Streptokinase is a fibrinolytic drug that helps break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. This process helps improve blood flow in conditions like myocardial infarction or stroke. Ticlopidine (A) is an antiplatelet drug, Aspirin (C) is also an antiplatelet agent, and Warfarin (D) is an anticoagulant. These drugs work differently from fibrinolytics and do not directly dissolve blood clots like Streptokinase does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (Nifedipine) because it is a calcium channel blocker that primarily acts on vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation without significant effects on heart rate (chronotropy) or conduction velocity (dromotropy). Diltiazem and Verapamil, choices B and C, are also calcium channel blockers but have more pronounced negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects due to their additional actions on the heart. Choice D is incorrect because Nifedipine specifically has minimal direct effects on chronotropy and dromotropy compared to Diltiazem and Verapamil.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker, not a dopamine receptor antagonist. Nifedipine works by blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation. Hydralazine can cause reflex tachycardia due to its potent vasodilatory effects. Nitroprusside dilates both arterioles and veins, leading to decreased afterload and preload. Minoxidil is a potent arteriolar vasodilator used to treat hypertension but can cause hypertrichosis as a side effect.