Acute urticaria is a self-limited illness requiring little treatment. All the following can be used EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the management of acute urticaria is crucial. The correct answer, C) epinephrine IM, is not typically used in the treatment of acute urticaria unless the patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction, as urticaria is usually self-limited and mild in nature. Epinephrine is reserved for more severe allergic reactions due to its potential side effects and risks. Option A) loratadine and Option B) hydroxyzine are both second-generation antihistamines commonly used to relieve symptoms of urticaria by blocking the effects of histamine. These medications are often recommended for mild to moderate cases of acute urticaria due to their effectiveness and low side effect profile. Option D) H2 antihistamines, such as ranitidine, are not typically used as first-line treatment for acute urticaria. While they may have some benefit in certain cases, they are not as effective as H1 antihistamines like loratadine and hydroxyzine. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between the management strategies for various severities of allergic reactions in pediatric patients. Understanding when to use different medications based on the severity of symptoms is essential for providing safe and effective care to children with acute urticaria.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) celiac disease. Celiac disease is the most severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy because it is an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is ingested. This damage can lead to malabsorption of nutrients and serious health complications if left untreated. Option B) eosinophilic esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus and is not typically associated with damage to the small intestine like celiac disease. Option C) oral allergy syndrome is a milder allergic reaction that typically affects the mouth and throat, not the small intestine like celiac disease. Option D) acute gastrointestinal allergy is a general term that does not specifically refer to the severe and chronic damage caused by celiac disease. In an educational context, understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage children with food allergies and enteropathies. Recognizing the most severe forms of these conditions, like celiac disease, ensures timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention to prevent long-term health consequences in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its tissues. In this case, the correct answer is A) isoniazid. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, but it has been linked to drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), a condition similar to SLE but typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. Option B) sulfonamide is not a common cause of SLE, although some sulfa drugs have been associated with drug-induced lupus. Option C) hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, is not known to cause SLE. Option D) allopurinol, used to treat gout, is not a common cause of SLE either. Educationally, understanding the potential triggers for autoimmune diseases like SLE is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatrics. It highlights the importance of monitoring patients for adverse drug reactions and considering alternative medications if drug-induced lupus is suspected. This knowledge can help prevent exacerbation of symptoms and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Chediak-Higashi syndrome. This syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent infections, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy. It is associated with a defect in lysosomal trafficking regulator protein leading to impaired phagolysosome formation and recurrent infections. Option A, atopic dermatitis, is associated with elevated IgE levels due to its allergic nature. Option B, tissue-invasive helminthic infections, trigger an immune response involving elevated IgE to combat the parasitic infection. Option D, Hodgkin disease, can also lead to elevated IgE levels as part of the immune response against the cancerous cells. Understanding disorders associated with elevated IgE levels is crucial in pediatric nursing as it helps in recognizing and managing conditions that involve allergic responses or immune dysregulation. Recognizing the exception, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome in this case, is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment interventions in a clinical setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) budesonide nebulizer suspension. This is the only inhaler corticosteroid with FDA-approved labeling for children <4 years of age due to its safety and efficacy profile in this age group. Budesonide is commonly used in pediatric patients for its anti-inflammatory properties and minimal systemic absorption when delivered via a nebulizer, making it a preferred choice for young children who may have difficulty using other inhaler devices. Option A) beclomethasone HFA, option C) mometasone DPI, and option D) triamcinolone acetonide are not FDA-approved for use in children <4 years old. Beclomethasone is typically used in older children and adults, mometasone is indicated for children over 4 years old, and triamcinolone acetonide is not recommended for use in children under 6 years of age. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to be aware of age-specific medication guidelines to ensure safe and effective care for young patients. Understanding the FDA-approved medications for different age groups helps nurses make informed decisions when administering treatments and advocating for the best interests of pediatric patients.