Acute-phase proteins include

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Acute-phase proteins are a group of proteins produced by the liver in response to inflammation or infection. Step 2: Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is an acute-phase protein that plays a role in the innate immune response. Step 3: MBL binds to pathogens and activates the complement system to enhance immune responses. Step 4: Selectins are cell adhesion molecules, not acute-phase proteins. Step 5: Lysozyme is an enzyme that destroys bacterial cell walls, not typically classified as an acute-phase protein. Step 6: Defensins are antimicrobial peptides, not typically classified as acute-phase proteins. Summary: MBL is the correct choice as it is a well-known acute-phase protein involved in the immune response. Selectins, Lysozyme, and Defensins are not typically classified as acute-phase proteins and are involved in different functions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because plant hormones are used in agriculture to control fruit production, ripening, dropping, and to produce seedless fruits. Choice A is correct as plant hormones regulate these processes. Choice B is also correct as certain plant hormones can induce seedless fruit formation. Choice C is incorrect as plant hormones are not typically used as weed killers in agriculture. Overall, the correct answer, D, encompasses all the agricultural uses of plant hormones listed in the other choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because rods and cones in the human retina convert light energy into electrical signals through phototransduction, which are then sent as action potentials to the brain via the optic nerve. This process allows for visual information to be transmitted and processed by the brain. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to the conversion of light energy to chemical energy, which is not the primary function of rods and cones. Choice B is incorrect as rods and cones do not specifically absorb ultraviolet light. Choice D is incorrect as rods and cones do not absorb infrared light.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diabetes. Anemia is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Diabetes does not directly cause anemia; it is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels. Iron deficiency anemia (A) is caused by a lack of iron, sickle cell anemia (B) is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, and aplastic anemia (C) is a bone marrow disorder. Therefore, the other choices are types of anemia, while diabetes is not.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ilya Metchnikoff. He discovered phagocytes through his research on immune responses in starfish larvae. Metchnikoff observed cells engulfing foreign particles, leading to the discovery of phagocytosis. Louis Pasteur is famous for his work in microbiology and vaccination. Emil von Behring discovered antitoxins. Robert Koch is known for his work in bacteriology and identifying the causative agents of diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is A as Metchnikoff specifically discovered phagocytes.