ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is typically caused by obstruction of urine flow, leading to back pressure in the kidneys. This obstruction can be due to conditions like kidney stones or tumors. Choices B and C refer to pre-renal causes that affect renal blood flow, not obstruct urine flow. Choice D refers to intrinsic renal causes, not postrenal obstruction. Hence, A is the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is complaining of severe flank pain when he tries to urinate. His urinalysis shows sediment and crystals along with a few bacteria. Using this information along with the clinical picture, the nurse realizes that the patient's condition is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: postrenal. The patient's symptoms of severe flank pain while trying to urinate, along with sediment and crystals in the urine, suggest a urinary tract obstruction (postrenal). This obstruction is likely causing the patient's pain and urinary symptoms. A: prerenal refers to issues before the kidneys, such as decreased blood flow. C: intrarenal refers to issues within the kidneys, like infection or inflammation. D: not renal related is incorrect as the symptoms clearly point to a renal issue. In summary, based on the clinical presentation and urinalysis findings, a postrenal cause is most likely the reason for the patient's symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
The patient's potassium level is 7.0 mEq/L. Besides dialysis, which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate. It works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, reducing plasma potassium levels. Step 1: Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally or rectally. Step 2: It binds with potassium in the gut, leading to fecal elimination. Step 3: This process helps lower both plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol can cause intestinal necrosis. C: Regular insulin temporarily shifts potassium into cells but doesn't reduce total body potassium. D: Calcium gluconate only stabilizes cardiac membrane potential without reducing potassium levels.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement related to dehydration made by a patient with hypovolemia is the best indicator to the nurse of the need for additional teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement "I will drink coffee and cola drinks throughout the day" indicates a lack of understanding regarding proper hydration. Coffee and cola drinks contain caffeine, which can lead to increased fluid loss and exacerbate dehydration. It is important to educate the patient that these beverages are not suitable for maintaining proper hydration levels. Choice A is not the best indicator for additional teaching as it shows the patient's intention to drink an adequate amount of fluids daily. Choice B, while not ideal, still acknowledges the importance of drinking water when thirsty. Choice D is also not the best indicator for additional teaching as it demonstrates the patient's awareness of avoiding alcohol-containing drinks, which can contribute to dehydration.
Question 5 of 5
The health care provider has written these orders for a patient with a
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because administering furosemide 40 mg IV push is the priority intervention for a patient with symptoms of fluid overload, such as weight gain, edema, and crackles. Furosemide is a potent diuretic that will help reduce fluid volume in the body, including the lungs, improving respiratory status. Weighing the patient, fluid restriction, and maintaining accurate intake and output records are important but secondary interventions compared to addressing the immediate issue of fluid overload. Options A and B do not provide a clear rationale for their choices, making them incorrect. Option D is incomplete.