Acute ingestion of inorganic mercury salts (typically secondary to ingestion of a button battery) can manifest in a few hours as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) corrosive gastroenteritis. When a child ingests a button battery containing inorganic mercury salts, it can lead to serious consequences. The battery casing can corrode in the esophagus, releasing toxic substances like mercury. This can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to corrosive gastroenteritis characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and necrosis of the mucosa. Option A) tremor is not typically associated with acute ingestion of inorganic mercury salts but may be seen in cases of mercury poisoning from other sources such as elemental mercury. Option B) neuropsychiatric disturbances are more commonly associated with chronic exposure to mercury rather than acute ingestion of inorganic mercury salts. Option C) gingivostomatitis is not a typical manifestation of acute ingestion of inorganic mercury salts and is more commonly seen with viral or bacterial infections. Educationally, it is essential for healthcare providers, particularly pediatric nurses, to be aware of the potential complications and manifestations of ingesting button batteries containing toxic substances like mercury. Recognizing the signs and symptoms promptly is crucial for initiating appropriate interventions and preventing serious complications in affected children. This knowledge can help in providing timely and effective care to these patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding how environmental factors influence health outcomes is crucial. The correct answer is D) dogs. Dogs, as pets, have been associated with a reduced risk of developing atopy in children due to their exposure to various allergens present in the dog's fur and dander. This exposure helps in stimulating the immune system early in childhood, promoting tolerance and reducing the likelihood of developing allergic conditions like atopy. Option A) smoking is incorrect because exposure to cigarette smoke, whether in utero or during childhood, is a known risk factor for the development of respiratory issues and can exacerbate conditions like atopy. Option B) alcohol is unrelated to the development or prevention of atopy in children and does not have a protective effect against this condition. Option C) rodents are more commonly associated with triggering allergic reactions and asthma in children rather than protecting against atopy. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the impact of environmental exposures on children's health outcomes. By understanding the role of factors like pet ownership in reducing the risk of atopy, nurses can provide valuable guidance to parents on creating a healthy environment for their children. Encouraging discussions around these topics can empower families to make informed decisions that promote their children's well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Second-generation antihistamines are preferred over first-generation antihistamines in pediatric patients due to their less sedating effects. This is the correct answer because sedation is a common side effect of first-generation antihistamines, which can impact a child's ability to function normally, especially in school or during activities requiring alertness. Option A, longer action, is not the primary reason for choosing second-generation antihistamines over first-generation ones. While some second-generation antihistamines may have a longer duration of action, the key differentiating factor in pediatric patients is the reduced sedation. Option C, more potency, is not the primary consideration when choosing between antihistamines in pediatric patients. The focus is on achieving symptom relief with minimal side effects, particularly sedation. Option D, more palatable effect, is not a significant factor when comparing first and second-generation antihistamines in pediatric patients. Taste preferences may vary among children, but the primary concern is the safety and efficacy of the medication. In an educational context, understanding the differences between first and second-generation antihistamines is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By prioritizing medications with less sedation, healthcare providers can help minimize the impact on a child's daily activities while effectively managing allergic symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) female gender. In pediatric asthma, females are not considered a specific risk factor for increased morbidity or mortality compared to males. Asthma is a complex condition influenced by various factors. Poverty (option A) is a well-established risk factor as it can limit access to healthcare, medications, and living conditions that may exacerbate asthma. Air pollution exposure (option B) can trigger asthma attacks and worsen symptoms. Poor response to systemic steroid therapy (option D) indicates a more severe form of asthma that is difficult to control with standard treatments. In an educational context, understanding risk factors for asthma morbidity and mortality is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care. By recognizing these factors, nurses can develop individualized care plans, educate families on asthma management strategies, and advocate for resources to address environmental triggers. Additionally, knowing which factors do not contribute significantly to asthma outcomes helps nurses focus on interventions that will have the most impact on improving a child's asthma control and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) 30-50%. Childhood asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition that affects many children. Research has shown that approximately 30-50% of children with asthma continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. This is due to the complex nature of asthma, which can persist and evolve over time. Option A) 5-10% is incorrect because a higher percentage of childhood asthma cases persist into adulthood. Asthma is a chronic condition that often requires long-term management and can carry on into adulthood for a significant portion of affected individuals. Option B) 10-30% is also incorrect as it underestimates the prevalence of childhood asthma cases that persist into adulthood. Studies have consistently shown a higher proportion of individuals experiencing ongoing asthma symptoms beyond childhood. Option D) 50-70% is incorrect as it overestimates the percentage of childhood asthma cases that persist into adulthood. While asthma can continue into adulthood for a substantial number of individuals, the range of 30-50% is more accurate based on current research and epidemiological data. Educationally, understanding the persistence of childhood asthma into adulthood is crucial for healthcare providers, educators, and caregivers. Recognizing that a significant proportion of children with asthma may continue to require support and management in adulthood highlights the importance of early intervention, comprehensive care, and ongoing monitoring to improve long-term outcomes for individuals with asthma.